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Period: to
Gradual Conclusion of the Proton
No one really “discovered” the proton. It was more so a gradual conclusion reached between the late 1800s and mid 1900s. Rutherford is generally considered the father of the proton, as he gave the name in 1920. -
Start of the Civil War
Before Lincoln was inaugurated, seven slave states that relied on producing and selling cotton seceded and formed the Confederacy. Lincoln's inaugural address stated that his administration wouldn’t start a civil war. Confederates bombarded Union soldiers at Fort Sumter, South Carolina on April 12, 1861. Lincoln called for every state to provide troops to retake the fort, and in effect, four more slave states joined the Confederacy. The war at Fort Sumter ended the next day. -
Gettysburg Address
Given after the war at Gettysburg. Lincoln addressed how awful and bloody the battle was and what the civil war was doing to the country. -
Law of Octaves
Generalization made by John Alexander Reina Newlands stating that elements organized by atomic weight will have similar characteristics after 7 intervals (on the eighth), lead to advances in periodic law -
President Lincoln's Assasination
John Wilkes Booth was an actor and was Confederate-Minded. He shot Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre, Washington D.C. He planned to have Lincoln, A. Johnson, and William H. Seward to be killed at the same time, but his 2 adversaries failed. -
Andrew Johnson Impeached
First president to be impeached. He freed confederate ex-rebels and blocked suppression of Southern power. Tenure of Office Act (1867) made it so dismissal of government officials had to be approved by the Senate. Edwin M. Stanton had been dismissed by Andrew, thus defying the act. -
Mendeleev's Periodic Table
Dmitri Mendeleev submited a periodic table in which atoms were organized by atomic mass. Mendeleev noticed how chemical properties were related to atomic mass. However, there was a problem where there were missing sections. He claimed they were simply undiscovered elements, and was absolutely right. The newe elements fit perfectly. -
Discovery of Electron
J.J. Thomson placed cathode tubes in magnetic and electrical fields. Those fields would move particles from side to side. However, the wave wasn't effected much. From this, he theorized that the wave had to be small particles. People, soon after, realized that the wave was actually electrons. -
Beginning of the Spanish American War
Cuban patriots demanded independence from Spanish rule. The U.S. attempted to help the Cubans gain their freedom. Being that the Spanish’s ruling is being severed, they were furious with the U.S. -
Plum Pudding Model
Proposed by J.J. Thomson, physicist who also discovered the electron in 1894. Basically thought of as one big proton filled with electrons, or corpuscles. -
Great San Fransisco Earthquake
5:12 AM, Ruptured the northernmost 296 miles of the San Andreas Fault. Could be felt from southern Oregon to south of Los Angeles and inland as far as central Nevada. Started a mass fire in San Francisco. In the end, 700 died. -
Rutherford's Gold Foil Expiriment
Expiriment conducted by Ernest Rutherford, Ernest Marsden and Hans Geiger which focused on the study of alpha particles. Alpha particles did NOT behave in accordance with the plum pudding model, so the expirimented by aiming a beam of alpha particles at pieces of metal foil that were 8.6 x 10^(-6) cm thick. Alpha particles did NOT pass through for all of the instances, which they should have according to the Plum Pudding Model. A zinc sulfide screen was placed around the foil to show impacts. -
The Titanic Disaster
Set sail for New York from Southampton, England with 2,240 passengers and crew. More than 1,500 people lost their lives in the disaster. Only 16 lifeboats and four Engelhardt “Collapsibles,” but only enough for 1/3 of the people on board. The evacuation was so disorganized and haphazard that the first lifeboat designed to hold 70 people only left with 25. The total lifeboats only contained 705 survivors when found. -
Bohr's Plannetary Model of the Atom
An atom consisting of a small, positively charged nucleus orbited by negatively charged electrons, explaining the Rydberg formula for the spectral emission lines of atomic hydrogen. Similar to the planets orbiting the sun. -
Mosely / Atomic Numbers
Mosely used X-Rays to figure out that atomic numbers are 1:1 to the amount of protons. -
World War I
Also called "The Great War." Axis forces of Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire against the Allied forces of Great Britain, the United States, France, Russia, Italy and Japan. The introduction of technology into war resulted in a higher death count than ever before, being 9 million deaths. -
Schrodinger's Equation
Schrodinger created a wave function equation which can be used to calculate the probability of events or outcomes. -
Period: to
The Great Depression
Longest economic downturn in the West began when the Stock Market Crashed. By 1933 around 14 million Americans were unemployed. Ended when WWII began. -
Discovery of the Neutron
Discovered by James Chadwick. Chadwick used scattering data to calculate the mass of this neutral particle. -
Beginning of World War II
Invasion of Poland by the Nazi Army began with five armies of 1.5 million German soldiers, 2,000 tanks, and 1,900 modern aircrafts against less than 1 million Polish soldiers with a small number of armored vehicles and aircrafts. By September 7th, German soldiers were only 25 miles from Warsaw, the Polish capital. 10 days later after a devastating aerial assault, Warsaw surrendered.
