Chemistery important events

By a001744

  • James Bradley (1728)

    Uses aberation of starlight to determine the speed of light to within 5% accuracy.

  • Joseph Priestley (1733–1804)

    Discovered oxygen, carbon monoxide, and nitrous oxide. Proposed electrical inverse-square law (1767).

  • C.W. Scheele(1742–1786)

    C.W. Scheele(1742–1786)
    Discovered chlorine, tartaric acid, metal oxidation, and sensitivity of silver compounds to light (photochemistry).

  • Nicholas Le Blanc (1742–1806)

    Invented process for making soda ash from sodium sulfate, limestone, and coal.

  • A.L. Lavoisier (1743–1794)

    A.L. Lavoisier (1743–1794)
    Discovered nitrogen. Described the composition of many organic compounds. Sometimes regarded as the Father of Chemistry.

  • A. Volta (1745–1827)

    A. Volta (1745–1827)
    Invented the electric battery.

  • C.L. Berthollet (1748–1822)

    Corrected Lavoiser’s theory of acids. Discovered bleaching ability of chlorine. Analyzed combining weights of atoms (stoichiometry).

  • Edward Jenner (1749-1823)

    Development of smallpox vaccine (1776).

  • John Dalton (1766–1844)

    Proposed atomic theory based on measurable masses (1807). Stated law of partial pressure of gasses.

  • Amedeo Avogadro (1776–1856)

    Proposed principle that equal volumes of gasses contain the same number of molecules.

  • Sir Humphry Davy (1778–1829)

    Laid foundation of electrochemistry. Studied electrolysis of salts in water. Isolated sodium and potassium.

  • J.L. Gay-Lussac (1778–1850)

    Discovered boron and iodine. Discovered acid-base indicators (litmus). Improved method for making sulfuric acid. Researched behavior of gasses.

  • J.J. Berzelius (1779–1850)

    Classified minerals according to their chemical composition. Discovered and isolated many elements (Se, Th, Si, Ti, Zr). Coined the terms 'isomer' and 'catalyst'.

  • Michael Faraday (1791–1867)

    Coined term 'electrolysis'. Developed theories of electrical and mechanical energy, corrosion, batteries, and electrometallurgy. Faraday was not a proponent of atomism.

  • Charles Coulomb (1795)

    Introduced the inverse-square law of electrostatics.

  • Count Rumford (1798)

    Thought that heat was a form of energy.

  • Early- to Mid-1800s

    The 1800s saw the synthesis of the first organic compound, vulcanization of rubber, the invention of dynamite, the creation of the Periodic Table, the pasteurization of milk and wine, and even the invention of a new way of manufacturing aluminum, among other developments.

  • F. Wohler (1800–1882)

    First synthesis of an organic compound (urea, 1828).

  • Charles Goodyear (1800–1860)

    Discovered vulcanization of rubber (1844). Hancock in England made a parallel discovery.

  • Thomas Young (1801)

    Demonstrated the wave nature of light and the principle of interference.

  • J. von Liebig (1803–1873)

    Investigated photosynthesis reaction and soil chemistry. First proposed the use of fertilizers. Discovered chloroform and cyanogen compounds.

  • Hans Oersted (1820)

    Observed that a current in a wire can deflect a compass needle - provided first concrete evidence of the connection between electricity and magnetism.

  • Thomas Graham (1822–1869)

    Studied diffusion of solutions through membranes. Established foundations of colloid chemistry.

  • Louis Pasteur (1822–1895)

    First recognition of bacteria as disease-causing agents. Developed field of immunochemistry. Introduced heat-sterilization of wine and milk (pasteurization). Saw optical isomers (enantiomers) in tartaric acid.

  • William Sturgeon (1823)

    Invented the electromagnet.

  • Sadi Carnot (1824)

    Analyzed heat engines.

  • Simon Ohm (1826)

    Stated law of electrical resistance.

  • Robert Brown (1827)

    Discovered Brownian motion.

  • Joseph Lister (1827–1912)

    Initiated use of antiseptics in surgery, e.g., phenols, carbolic acid, cresols.

  • A. Kekulé (1829–1896)

    Father of aromatic chemistry. Realized four-valent carbon and structure of benzene ring. Predicted isomeric substitutions (ortho-, meta-, para-).

  • Alfred Nobel (1833–1896)

    Invented dynamite, smokeless powder, and blasting gelatin. Established international awards for achievements in chemistry, physics, and medicine (Nobel Prize).

  • Dmitri Mendeléev (1834–1907)

    Discovered periodicity of the elements. Compiled the first Periodic Table with elements arranged into 7 groups (1869).

  • J.W. Hyatt (1837–1920)

    Invented the plastic Celluloid (nitrocellulose modified using camphor)(1869).

  • Sir W.H. Perkin (1838–1907)

    Synthesized first organic dye (mauveine, 1856) and first synthetic perfume (coumarin).

  • F.K. Beilstein (1838–1906)

    Compiled Handbuchder organischen Chemie, a compendium of the properties and reactions of organics.

  • Lord Kelvin (1838)

    Described the absolute zero point of temperature.

  • Josiah W. Gibbs (1839–1903)

    Stated three principal laws of thermodynamics. Described the nature of entropy and established a relation between chemical, electric, and thermal energy.

  • H. Chardonnet (1839–1924)

    Produced a synthetic fiber (nitrocellulose).

  • James Joule (1843)

    Experimentally demonstrated that heat is a form of energy.

  • L. Boltzmann (1844–1906)

    Developed kinetic theory of gasses. Viscosity and diffusion properties are summarized in Boltzmann’s Law.

  • W.K. Roentgen (1845–1923)

    Discovered x-radiation (1895). Nobel Prize in 1901.

  • James Joule (1849)

    Published results from experiments showing that heat is a form of energy.

  • H.L. Le Chatelier (1850–1936)

    Fundamental research on equilibrium reactions (Le Chatelier’s Law), combustion of gasses, and iron and steel metallurgy.

  • H. Becquerel (1851–1908)

    Discovered radioactivity of uranium (1896) and deflection of electrons by magnetic fields and gamma rays. Nobel Prize in 1903 (with the Curies).

  • H. Moisson (1852–1907)

    Developed electric furnace for making carbides and purifying metals. Isolated fluorine (1886). Nobel Prize in 1906.

  • Emil Fischer (1852–1919)

    Studied sugars, purines, ammonia, uric acid, enzymes, nitric acid. Pioneer research in sterochemistry. Nobel Prize in 1902.

  • Sir J.J. Thomson (1856–1940)

    Research on cathode rays proved existence of electrons (1896). Nobel Prize in 1906.

  • J. Plucker (1859)

    Built one of the first gas discharge tubes (cathode ray tubes).

  • James Clerk Maxwell (1859)

    Described the mathematical distribution of the velocities of molecules of a gas.

  • Svante Arrhenius (1859–1927)

    Svante Arrhenius (1859–1927)

  • Apa references

    Learn the Major Events in Chemistry History with This Timeline. (n.d.). Retrieved May 17, 2021, from https://www.thoughtco.com/timeline-of-major-chemistry-events-602166 Landmarks Timeline. (n.d.). Retrieved May 19, 2021, from https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/landmarks-timeline.html