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Canada semi-independent dominion
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Germany alliance with Austria-Hungary
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Cape Colony given some form of self government
British control over defence, international commerce, foreign affairs -
Italy joins German Austro-Hungarian Alliance
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Indian National Congress established
Professional middle class Indians
Criticised British trading agreements, restraints on Indian industry, heavy taxation on Indians - used to pay British civil servants -
Marquess of Lansdowne appointed Viceroy
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30 Indians in civil service
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The Indian Councils Act
Gov Gen
6 Members of exec council
Commander in Chief
Head of province
Some degree of educated Indian representation - exploited differences between elite and illiterate masses -
Military agreements between France and Russia
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Sultan Hamad appointed in Zanzibar
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Earl of Elgin appointed Viceroy
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Alliance formed between France and Russia
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Sultan Hamoud appointed in Zanzibar
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Fashoda Incident
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Curzon appointed as Viceroy
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Second Anglo Boer War
Germany supplied weapons to Boers -
Movement of 300,000 Russian troops
Railway to Tashkent - within striking distance of Afghanistan
Brit stretched by war in SA
GB had fewer than 100,000 soldiers in Indian army to defend northern India
Russia naval present in Toulon - threat to Suez Canal -
Imperial Cadet Corps formed
Appease Indian princes and elite figures
Give them military training and special officer commissions
Reformed unis and police
Tied money to gold standard to ensure stable currency -
Imperial Cadet Corps disbanded
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Australia dominion
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British signed Entente Cordiale with France
Did not provide much security - Britain v Triple Alliance
Left relationship with Russia open -
Earl of Minto appointed Viceroy
Following Curzon's resignation after the partition of Bengal -
Partition of Bengal
Partition of Muslim majority East Bengal + Assam and Hindu majority of West Bengal
Hindu elite owned land in East which they leased to Muslim peasants - were therefore annoyed
Strikes, protests, boycotts of British made goods - thought it was bc of their criticisms of British rule
Surendranath Banerjee led campaigns - new strand of nationalism
Curzon attempted to counter by strict censorship of press
Split INC between moderates and extremists -
Russia faced humiliating defeat from Japan
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Kaiser threatened French interests in Morocco
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Secret convos between British and French
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Naval race with Germany intensified
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Algericas Conference
Following Kaiser threatening Morocco
Britain stood by France
Strengthened Anglo-French Alliance -
Newfoundland and NZ become dominions
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Triple Entente
Britain, France, Russia
Declared Persia neutral zone
Recognised Afghanistan as British sphere of influence -
Representative gov at provincial level
Viceroy at head
Strict limitations on size of civil service - pay + pensions were costly
No more than 3 or 4 officers per district -
Morley Minto Reforms
Elections for Indians - could vote depending on how much taxes they paid
Separate electorate for Muslims
Central legislative council from 16 to 60
Functions of legislative council enlarged
Satyendra Prasad Sinha first Indian in exec council appointed as law member
27 Indians elected from provincial constituencies to Viceroy's Council - assisted Viceroy and aided in creating legislation -
Imperial Conference
Considered forming a Dominion fleet
Britain accepted it couldn't maintain 2 power standard (match two next strongest naval powers)
Settles for 60% margin over Germany -
Lord Hardinge appointed Viceroy
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Further democratic reforms in India
Enlarged provincial councils - 135 Indians on council -
South African states united
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New Delhi replaces Calcutta as capital of India
Calcutta was Hindu majority but Delhi was Muslim strong hold - undermine revolutionary Hindu groups -
George V visited India
King-Emperor
Delhi Durbar to celebrate
Display of power and pageantry
Shore up loyalty of Indian princely rulers -
Bengal unpartitioned
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Moroccan Rebels attacked Fez
French sent 20,000 soldiers to disperse rebels
Kaiser sent warship (The Panther) to port of Agadir to "prevent French invasion"
British scared Kaiser wanted to seize Agadir - was near Gibraltar - prepared Royal Navy for war
Kaiser Wilhelm gave up and called it a day -
12% margin over German navy looks too ambitious
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Attempts to come to agreement with Germany failed
Brit withdrew from Mediterranean - redeploy in North Sea
Army remodelled for deployment on European Mainland
Britain reduced to relying on French support -
Less than 60 Indians in civil service
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Rus, Ger, Italy all wanted to expand into Balkans
Ottoman Empire in decline - were in control of Balkan states
Austria-Hungary wanted to crush Slavs -
Franz Ferdinand assassinated by Bosnian Serb Slav
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Britain joins WW1
Kaiser did not reply to British ultimatum
Viceroy Hardinge unilaterally declares war on India's behalf
1.4 million volunteers from India
Hopes for new deal once war was over -
Germany invades Belgium