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Hydro Electricity
Electricity was transferred to Hyrdo-Quebec. -
Period: to
Chapter 3
1945-1980 -
WW2 Ends
With the defeat/surrender of Germany and the axis powers in1945, WW2 ends. The allied powers (U.S., U.K and the Soviet Union) signed a peace treaty with Germany in May 1945 and with Japan in August. The war officially ended on September 3rd 1945 -
Baby Boom
After World War 2, there was a huge and massive baby boom. The birth rate soared and the population grew thanks to this phenomenon and also due to immigration. -
WW2 Immigration
After World War 2 countless immigrants from Europe and several parts of the world arrived in Canada to commence their new lives. Canada became very diverse. -
The Cold War
The Cold War commenced in 1947 as tensions rose between the United States Of America and The Soviet Union. The U.S. was capitalist while the USSR was communist. Both countries fought indirectly in several wars such as Korea, Greece, Vietnam, Angola and Afghanistan to influence other countries to follow their ideologies. -
Adoption Of The Quebec Flag
The Quebec flag was created in 1948 by Maurice Duplessis and was called the Fleurdelisé flag. -
Asbestos Strike
The Asbestos strike in 1949 pitted workers against the state and company scabs. This was considered the turning point for the opposition of Duplessis. -
Maurice Duplessis Way Of Life
As mentioned before Maurice Duplessis was very old fashioned and as such he loved the church and believed that the city was filled with sin. He promoted agriculture to be the economy's best activity. He encouraged rural life. Because of this he paved roads and brought electricity to farms. -
Consumerism
During the 1950's The people in Canada become more wealthy from higher wages, women being employed, etc. Canadians mainly buy products from the United States such as T.V.'s, radios, cars and appliances. Canadians are influenced by an American way of life. -
Maurice Duplessis
Maurice Duplessis is very old fashioned. The church was integrated in education/healthcare. He considered himself a French Nationalist. Duplessis set the Québec economy back since he let American investors invest in Québec. Because of this he was opposed by many intellectuals, Journalists and Feminists. Maurice Duplessis founded the Union National party to defend provincial autonomy. He adopted the fleurdelisé flag, introduced provincial income tax and refused funds to accept federal subsidies. -
First T.V. Stations
In Canada, the first T.V. stations emerged in Toronto and in Montreal during 1952. about 90% of people owned a television even though they were expensive -
Canadian Sovereignty In The Arctic
Between 1953 and 1956 Canada relocated many Inuits to the arctic to claim the territory since there was a passage from that links the North pacific ocean to the Atlantic that several countries were using. Canada wished to demonstrate that the Arctic was CANADIAN territory. This was very hard for the Inuits that were relocated. -
Urban Agglomeration
Due to the Baby Boom, suburbs are created and it changed the landscape of cities and roads. Cities are now spread out and are developing. Cars have now become popular. -
Baby Boom decline
During the 1960's the baby boom declined for several reasons. People were getting married at a later age.
Women acquired Jobs.
Contraception development.
Less Church influence.
Higher divorce rates. -
Native Residential Schools
During the 1950's and 1960's new Residential schools were opened to assimilate Indigenous people however as the late 1960's rolled in they eventually were seen as a failure. In 1969 the government pulled funding and went non religious. -
Quiet Revolution
The Quiet revolution began in 1960 when Jean Lesage and the Liberals defeated the Union National. The Quebec government increased the role of the state, modernized Quebec's education system and weekend the influence of the Church. Jobs became less rural and more education based. Quebecers were angry since they were not getting equal pay as Anglophones. -
Neo-Nationalism
Beginning in the 1960's and throughout the 1970's the French in Québec begin to fight for their autonomy and express themselves as Quebecers through Music, film, cultural events, promoting the French language and way of life, etc. -
René Levesque
René Lévesque quit the Liberal Party and formed the Movement Souverainte Association (MSA) who later formed the Parti Quebecois (PQ). -
Expo 67
To celebrate Canada's 100th Birthday, Montreal held the Expo 67. General de Gualle of France yelled out "Vivre Le Quebec Libre!" with sparked excitement for the Quebecers. -
Bill 63
Bill 63 was created to promote the French language. -
FLQ and October Crisis
In 1970, the October crisis occurred. A terrorist community named the FLQ kidnapped James Cross and Pierre Laporte and supported Quebec autonomy by violent means. Pierre Elliot Trudeau imposed the War Act Measures to capture FLQ members. Bombs were planted to target military establishments. -
Future Of Indigenous Nations
The Natives began to battle roughly for their rights during the 1970's. They wanted to demonstrate that they too as human beings must acquire the same rights as Canadian citizens and that they should be able to practice their way of life and culture. They desired to protect and preserve their language and customs as well as their territories. -
Relations Between First Nations And The State
Since the Indian Act in 1876, the Natives have been negotiating and battling for their independence. They wish to have the same rights as every Canadian. They still fight today for this objective today. The Natives rejected the white paper created by the Federal Government called Statement Of The Government Of Canada On Indian Policy, 1969. The government sought to make Natives citizens of Canada, however without special rights. -
Governance amongst Indigenous Nations
There are differences in the way First Nations run their community and the way the Inuits run their groups. Frist Nations: band council, chief and counsellors, election through universal suffrage or representation based on custom and band council plays political role/educational/health. Inuit: Northern village council, Mayer and councillors Elected through universal suffrage every 2 years and northern village council has the same responsibilities as the municipalities. -
Bill 22
Bill 22 was created as a means to have an official language act in Québec. -
Bill 101
Only French signs were allowed in public spaces and individuals with Anglophone parents can attend English school in Québec.
