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May 29, 1453
Constantinople Falls to The Ottomans
The attack on the city began on April 6, 1453, as the Ottomans bombarded Constantinople with giant cannons. After two months, the walls were finally breached, and the Ottoman soldiers flooded in. The city was then converted to Islam, and was renamed Istanbul. The Europeans could no longer used passage through Constantinople to trade with Asia, so the seek other routes. This lead to the exploration of many new areas. -
Jan 1, 1508
Esma`il Conquers Baghdad; Orders Massacre of Sunni Muslims
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Jan 1, 1517
Sultan Selim I Conquers Mesopatamia
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Period: Jan 10, 1520 to Jan 1, 1529
Suleyman Rule (Height of Ottoman Power)
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Jan 1, 1529
Ottomans Defeated in Vienna
Despite being retracted from its rapid conquests in Europe, the Ottomans lay one last siege on Vienna, Hungary. The European forces defeat the Ottoman Army, and they are forced out of Hungary. The core of their empire would last, but they never again would be a threat to central Europe. -
Period: Jan 1, 1562 to
French Wars of Religions
Huguenots, Protestants who made up about 40-50% of the nobility, were a powerful threat to the Crown. The Ultra-Catholics strongly opposed the Huguenots because of this. Wars broke out between the two groups until Huguenot Henry of Navarre finally took the throne. He converted Catholicism to be accepted by Catholic France, and then made Catholicism the official religion. To end the war, he issued the Edict of Nantes that appeased both religious groups and settled the conflict. -
Jan 1, 1571
Spanish Destroy Large Ottoman Fleet (Lepanto)
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Period: to
Shah Abbas Rule (Height of Safavid Glory)
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Defeat of the Spanish Armada
In 1588, Phillip II sent his strong Spanish naval to invade Protestant England and convert them to Catholicism. He faced defeat as large his fleet was overwhelmed by England's swift moving ships. Along with this, the remaining ships were battered by storms. The fleet was destroyed, and Spain ceased to be the superpower of Europe. -
Akbar Brings Mongul Rule to Most of India
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Period: to
The 30 Years' War
Religious disputes began to grow after the Peace of Augsburg breaks down. The initial struggle of the war was purely religious, but then it became evident that the war was being used politically. Denmark, Sweden, France, and Spain all get involved. The war ends when the Peace of Westphalia is issued; with this, the Holy Roman Empire is divided into 300 separate territories, which takes down the empire as a political entity. This was was dubbed as the last of the religious wars. -
Period: to
English Civil War
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The Restoration
After military leader Oliver Cromwell dies, King Charles restores England back to previous ways. This included toleration of Catholicism. Then, King James II takes over and continues to instill Catholics to power. Parliament objects this, but doesn't rebel. -
The Glorious Revolution
The Nobles of England Invite William of Orange to invade England. Strangely enough, William's wife Mary is the daughter of the King, James II. James II hears about this, and then flees to France. William of Orange takes the throne. The country was seized without bloodshed. -
The Witchcraft Trials
The attack of heretics began to expand toward all beliefs, which included Witchcraft. Hundreds of thousands people were accused or charged with practicing witchcraft. And under the pressure of torture, actually many confessed to casting spells and that they had an allegiance to the devil. Most people tried for Witchcraft were single woman above 50.