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Communitarianism
Robert Owen created a model factory village that combined strict rules of work discipline with housing and public education. Communitarianism was a peaceful way of ensuring that workers received the full value of their labor. -
American Colonization Society
The American Colonization Society promoted the gradual abolition of slavery and settlements for black Americans in Africa. It soon established Liberia, an outpost of American influence. Numerous political leaders supported the society. Both the northerners and some southerners wanted blacks to leave the United States to get rid of slavery. Other colonizationists believed that slavery and racism were embedded in American life, and blacks would never be free if they stayed in America. -
New Harmony
Robert Owen, a British factory owner, purchased a Harmony community in Indiana and called it "New Harmony." Owen founded this community to transform individuals by changing their style of living. From Owen's perspective, children would be removed from their parents at a very early age to be educated in schools where they would be trained for the common good. Owen also aimed to protect women. He wanted women "freed" from their husbands, and the innate differences between sex would be abandoned. -
Temperance Movement
The Temperance Movement happened due to the immense amount of drinking that individuals have been doing. The movement aimed to drastically reduce the amount of drinking. It aimed to either help people monitor themselves from drinking or completely stop themselves from drinking for good. -
Common Schools
Common schools were tax-supported schools that were open to all children. Horace Mann, a Massachusetts lawyer and a Whig Politician, was the leading education reformer. He hoped that universal public education would restore equality by bringing children of all classes together. It also created the first career opportunity for many women. However, it also caused the divide between the north and the south because education in the s.outh was not as dominant as it was in the north -
Feminism
Feminism was an international movement. The majority of women were restricted from many resources that would help progress their personal life. Many feminists insisted that women should have individuality in their decisions. One main feminist was Margaret Fuller. She was educated at home under her father's watch. Later on, she became part of the transcendentalists. She then became a full-time editor for the New York Tribune, and she was the first woman to achieve such a position. -
American Anti-Slavery Society
The American Anti-Slavery Society was an organization that officially aimed to end slavery and fight for equality for black Americans. -
Dorothea Dix
Dorothea Dix was a schoolteacher from Massachusetts. At the time, she was considered the leading advocate for the humane treatment of the "insane." Because of her influence, 28 states constructed mental hospitals before the Civil War started. -
"Gentlemen of Property and Standing"
The "Gentlemen of Property and Standing" were actually merchants with close relations with the South. Many mobs led by these men disrupted abolitionist meetings in northern cities. These mobs started occurring because northerners thought that abolitionism would disrupt the Union, interfere with profits from slave labor, and overturn white supremacy. Many mob attacks lead to some deaths of individuals; one of them included Elijah P. Lovejoy (an anti-slavery editor) who was defending his press. -
"Gag Rule"
The House of Representatives initiated the gag rule because many abolitionists arrived in Washington with petitions calling for emancipation in the nation's capital.
But, the gag rule would restrict these petitions. However, in 1844, the gag rule was repealed because of one main person: John Quincy Adams. -
Liberty Party
The Liberty Party was founded by seceders who nominated James G. Birney as their political candidate for president. The party was an advocate for abolitionism. It also viewed the Constitution as an anti-slavery document. -
Brook Farm
Brook Farm was established in hopes that it would demonstrate both manual and intellectual labor could coexist. New England transcendentalists made this community based on the ideas of Charles Fourier, a French social reformer. Brook Farm was considered to be a mini university because of its devotion to leisure time. It mainly attracted writers, teachers, and some ministers. In the end, Brook Farm disbanded due to a skeptical viewpoint from a novelist. -
Women Suffrage
Women's Suffrage is the idea of granting women the right to vote. Seneca Falls marked the beginning of Woman Suffrage. The vote was not the main issue at the convention. The Declaration of Sentiments condemned the entirety of the inequality that denied women access to education/employment/legal status/outside world. Equal rights became the heart of the movement for women's rights. -
Oneida
Oneida was considered to be both an influential and controversial community. It was founded in upstate New York by John Humphrey Noyes. He implied that a man could achieve moral perfection to an extreme. However, Oneida was an extremely dictatorial-based environment. To be accepted, one had to demonstrate command of Noyes's teachings and live up to his rules. Members of Oneida would also observe everyone else to see who breaks Noyes's rules. Sometimes, it would go to an extent. -
"Uncle Tom's Cabin"
"Uncle Tom's Cabin" was a novel created by Harriet Beecher Stowe that encompasses Tom, a slave who has been dealing with horrible punishments and sales. The novel was so popular that it sold over 1 million copies and influenced numerous stage versions. Stowe provided readers, specifically abolitionists, with a powerful appeal by portraying slaves as ordinary men and women, and as Christians at the mercy of slaveholders who split up families and set bloodhounds on innocent individuals. -
Summary
I believe the feminist movement was the turning point from the 1820s to the 1840s. Feminism is still talked about in the modern world. All the efforts that were made toward feminism in the past led up to the world being how it is today. Individuals like Margaret Fuller helped inspire other feminists to follow in her footsteps. Feminism has an immense impact on history as it allows women to be recognized more and more every day. Women were not able to do much before, but they persevered today.