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65.5 to 23.03 years ago
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65-54 mya. First epoch of the Cenozoic era.
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Dinosaurs and many other groups of reptiles from the earlier Cretaceous period are now all extinct.
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The mammals that survived the Cretaceous period start expanding rapidly.
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Large, flightless birds appear, such as the Diatryma
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Angiosperms, or flowering plants, are plentiful.
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In oceans, bivalves and gastropods replace ammonites
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Sharks and Teleost fishes are abundant in oceans.
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The Eocene epoch began 38 mya years ago and lasted about 17 million years.
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Rodents become the dominant small mammal.
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Small horses are common, such as Hyracotherium.
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Early rhinoceroses and elephants arise
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The uintatherium, an extremely large herbivore that resembles an elephant, flourishes.
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Some birds include geese, ducks, herons, owls, and hawks
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Marine mammals such as whales first appear.
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The Oligocene Epoch is the last epoch of the Palaeogene period and goes from 38 mya to 25 mya
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Camels, sloths, and armadillos make their appearance
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Dogs, cats, rhinos, and pigs all become prominent. Horses also flourish.
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Ants and termites appear.
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23.03 to 2.6 million years ago
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The first epoch in the Neogene period, starting 23.03 mya and lasting 20 mya, the longest out of all the epochs in the cenozoic era.
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The first deer appear.
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The first modern day giraffe appear.
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The first modern day hyenas make their appearance.
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The dominant hunting species was the sabre toothed cat.
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In the seas, whales and giant sharks were numerous. Corals were also plentiful.
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The last epoch of the Neogene period begins 5 mya and spans for 3.2 million years.
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The bovids are the primary mammals, such as sheep, goats, cattle, antelope, and gazelles.
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Rodents such as beavers and ground-squirrels are plentiful
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Along with sabre toothed cats, dogs, stauts, and weasels are present.
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Many primates appear, including early age human.
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2.6 mya to present
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The Pleistocene epoch begins 1.8 mya and ends with the conclusion of the Ice Age.
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This epoch is dominated by the Ice Ages when extensive ice sheets spread towards the equator from both the Antarctic and Arctic regions, covering much of Europe and North America.
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Sabre-toothed cats, cave lions, cave bears, giant deer, woolly rhinoceroses, and woolly mammoths all roamed during this epoch.
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the period of geological time since the end of the last Ice Age 10,000 years ago to the present.
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In 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the moon.
