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First Opium War
Also known as the Anglo-Chinese War, was a series of military engagements fought between the United Kingdom and the Qing dynasty of China over diplomatic relations, trade, and the administration of justice in China. -
Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion, also known as the Taiping Civil War, was a massive rebellion or total civil war in China that was waged from 1850 to 1864 between the established Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom under Hong Xiuquan. -
Self-Strengthening Movement
It was a period of institutional reforms initiated in China during the late Qing dynasty following the military disasters of the Opium Wars against the British Empire and the vast internal devastation of the Taiping and other concurrent rebellions. -
First Sino-Japanese war
The First Sino-Japanese War was fought between China and Japan primarily over influence in Korea. After more than six months of unbroken successes by Japanese land and naval forces and the loss of the port of Weihaiwei, the Qing government sued for peace in February 1895. -
Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion or Yihetuan Movement was an anti-imperialist, anti-colonial, and anti-Christian uprising that took place in China between 1899 and 1901, toward the end of the Qing dynasty. -
Double Tenth Revolution
The Double Tenth Revolution, also known as the Xinhai Revolution, was a revolution that overthrew China's last imperial dynasty (the Qing dynasty) and established the Republic of China (ROC). -
May Fourth Movement
The May Fourth Movement was an anti-imperialist, cultural, and political movement growing out of student participants in Beijing on 4 May 1919, protesting against the Chinese government's weak response to the Treaty of Versailles, especially allowing Japan to receive territories in Shandong. These brought national protests and marked the upsurge of Chinese nationalism, a shift towards political mobilization and cultural activities. This is also called the New Culture Movement. -
First United Front
The First United Front, also known as the GMD–CCP Alliance, of the Guomindang and the Chinese Communist Party, was formed in 1922 as an alliance to end warlordism in China. -
Northern Expedition
The Northern Expedition was a military campaign launched by the National Revolutionary Army of the Kuomintang, also known as the "Chinese Nationalist Party", against the Beiyang government and other regional warlords in 1926. -
White Terror
The Shanghai massacre of April 12, 1927, known commonly in China as the April 12 Incident, was the violent suppression of Communist Party of China (CCP) organizations in Shanghai by the military forces of Chiang Kai-shek and conservative factions in the Guomindang (GMD).
