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Causes of Chinese Civil War
China was in a crisis, as a result of this China broke into small states, each controlled by warlords, the principal cause of the Chinese Civil War. -
Shangai massacre "White Terror"
The GMD expelled all the communist from the party, with this event the Civil War began.
Zhuo Enlai had proved very effective during the Northern Expedition and Jiang turned on them, using informants from the underworld of gangsters over 5,000 communist were shot. -
Northern Expedition
The main objective of this expedition was to crush the warlords of central and northern China, the operation was a great success by 1927, the GMD and the communist captured Hangzhou, Shangai and Nanjing. -
China was not unified yet
The CCP and GMD worked together because they have a commonn enemie, the warlords but their ideologies were completely different, also each political party support different social classes -
Purification Movement
The GMD believed that they would purified China from communist ideology.
For they the term "purification" means the massacre of communist members. -
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GMD attempts to exterminate the CCP
Jiang had the chance to carry out Sun's Three Principles, even though his government was ineffective Jiang, made no progress towards democracy or land reform. His support came from landlords and the rich, so initiatives were limited to the building roads and the construction of schools.
Also he have to faced the threat of the Japanese, who invaded Manchuria in 1931. -
Jiangxi Soviet
CCP were forced to moved to Jiangxi province in order to survive from the GMD.
Mao´s writtings suggest that the White Terror confirmed what he thought about the United Front, that the cooperation with the GMD would destroy the CCP.
On that territoru he started his Revolution. -
Mao and revolutionary warfare
Mao was not the only one who was trying to defeat the GMD but also to impose a revolutionary ideology on Chinese people.
Mao believed that the peasants were central to revolutionary war, so he must persuade them in order they support communist cause. -
Second United Front
Mao called for another Mao called for another 'United Front' to fight the Japanese, and this was supported by all who had suffered under Japanese occupation − including the northern warlords Shang Zueliang and Yan Xishan. Yet in the end it was the Comintern and not Mao that pushed the alliance between the CCP and the GMD. -
Sino-Japanese War
The events that happened were key elements of the victory of the CCP.
Mao said that 'our fixed policy should be 70 per cent expansion, 20 per cent dealing with the GMD, and 10 percent resisting the Japanese.' By March 1945, the communists had liberated 678 out of 914 country towns and implemented their policies in them. -
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Initial victories of the GMD
At first the GMD, with more troops and better equipment, forced the communists onto the defensive. Following the Japanese surrender in August 1945, the Red Army under General Lin Biao entered Manchuria to secure this important industrial region under communist control. -
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Second phase of the Civil War
Tthe CCP was significantly strengthened, and the GMD weakened, so much so that the communists could move from the guerrilla warfare phase of combat to a phase of more conventional fighting. -
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CCP on the offensive
At this point the US intervention, according to Jiang, played a key role in the outcome of the civil war. In June, General Marshall managed to get Jiang to agree to another truce. The ceasefire worked to the CCP's advantage, as it saved t hem from a final assault on their headquarters.
Mao also introduced land reforms in the area. -
Collapse of the GMD resistence
the communists fought a conventional battle, relying on massed heavy artillery. The defeat of the nationalists was a huge blow for Jiang's men, both strategically and psychologically. In the same month, January 1949.
Mao proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China in Beijing, saying; "Our nation will never again be an insulted nation. We have stood up."
