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Manchu Dynasty
Poverty, starvation, lanlords increased rents, high unemployment.
Lasted over 300 years. -
Opium Wars
Where Britain defeated China.
China become influenced by the Europeans, Americans and Japan.
First: 1839- 1842
Second: 1856- 1869 -
Taiping Rebellion
Part of a religious movement.
Part of political reform movement.
Death of millions of Chinese by regional armies.
Cause of the Warlord Era.
It lasted until 1864. -
Self-Strengthening Movement
"Modernization of China"
Series of military defeats and concessions to foreign powers
It lasted until 1895. -
Boxer Rebellion
Anti-foreign sentiment
Movement against Western influence in commerce, politics, religion and technology.
Lasted until 1901 -
Pu Yi´s Empire
As Pu Yi was a 2 year old boy, the former Emperor´s brother, Prince Chun, ruled as regent who wasn´t capable of conducting the essential programme of reform.
He "ruled" until 1912 -
Double Tenth
Revolution, (imperialism, anti-foreign sentiment and political weakness).
Creation of Chinese Republic. -
Sun Yixian: Provisional President
Exchange with Yuan Shikai; the end of Manchu rule in China.
Pu Yi abdicated. -
Rule of Yuan Shikai
Influential general of the Northern Army.
Echange with Sun Yixian to be President of the New Republic.
It lasted until 1915.
He lost the support of the military and shoot down because he proclaimed himself Emperor in 1916. -
Guomindang (GMD)
Sun Yixian´s Party.
Principles: Naionalism, Democracy, People´s Livelihood. -
Japan´s Twenty- One Demands
Designed to give Japan regional ascendancy over China.
As Yuan accepted, governors and people didn´t support him, so he lost popularity. -
The Warlords
China broke up into small states and provinces, each controlled by a warlord and his private army.
It lasted until 1928. -
May Fourth Movement
Movement to change China "Proud Independent Nation".
Against warlords, imperialism was the main cause of problems,
Inspired some by the GMD. -
Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
Membership of intellectuals, it had no real military streght.
They wanted to unify China. -
First United Front
The GMD and CCP agreed to work together for the common goal: to get rid of the warlords.
Unify China.
"China needs to be free of foreign imperialist powers" -
Northern Expedition
To crush the warlords of central and northern China.
Within two years, both parties had destroyed the power of the warlords. -
GMD attacks CCP
Both parties wanted the control of China.
Now the communist had support of peasants, so Jiang (leader of the GMD) could not tolerate such cooperation between industrial workers and the CCP. Jiang expelled all the communist from the GMD. It led to the White Terror, massacre of the communist, in Shangai (Purification Movement).
