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Before the Manchu Dynasty overthrow
The political weakness of the manchu dynasty intensify with the death of the emperor and the succession of a two-year-old boy, Pu Yi -
The Overthrow of the Manchu Dynasty
The ruling dynasty was overthrow in a revolution known as the Double Tenth.
it began when the government lost control of the military.
most provinces then declared themselves independent from Beijing -
Double-Crossed
The imperial government attempted to use the former influential general of the northern army, Yuan Shikai (to suppress the rebellion) but he double-crossed them, arranging a deal with Sun Yixian.
Sun agreed to Yuan to be president of the new republic in exchange for the end of the Manchu Rule in China -
His Rule
Yuan ruled China as a military dictator until 1915.
Sun´s party reformed as the Guomindang (GMD) in 1912 and declared itself a parliament party. -
Where he went terribly wrong
Yuan´s final miscalculation was to proclaim himself Emperor.
A KEY cause of the civil war in China was the increasing lack of unity in the country by the second decade of the 20th century -
The May Four Movement
Students led a mass demonstration in Beijing against the warlords. The hostility had being ignited by the versailles settlement.
the significance was that it was dedicated to change and the rebirth of China as a proud and independent nation. -
CCP
Another revolutionary party emerged during the warlord era, The Chinese Communist Party.
Initially the membership were mainly intellectuals, and had no real military strength. -
The First UNited Front
Both the GMD and CCp wanted to unify China.They agreed that the first stop was to get rid of the Warlords, so they formed the First UNited Front -
Northern Expedition
It was set out to crush the warlords of central and northern China.
The operation was a success.
by 1927 the GMD and the communist had capture Hangzhou, Shanghai and Nanjing. They took Beijing in 1928.
Within two years the GMD and the CCP had destroyed the power of the warlords. -
Ideologies Divided
China was not unify.
The ideology between the GMD and the CCP divided the two parties.
To Jiang it seemed that the CCP needed to be crushed before it was truly unified by the GMD.
Jiang expelled all the communist from the GMD.
Both parties attacked each other this called "White Terror" & "Purification Movement"
CCP nearly crushed by the end of 1927
CCP decided to flee the mountains, The GMD pursue them determined to destroy the communist.
The civil war had begun.
