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The Conquest (Battle on the Plains of Abraham)
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham, also known as the Battle of Quebec, was a pivotal moment in the Seven Years’ War and in the history of Canada. A British invasion force led by General James Wolfe defeated French troops under the Marquis de Montcalm, leading to the surrender of Quebec to the British. At the end of the war in 1763 France surrendered many of its colonial possessions, including Canada, to the British. -
The Royal Proclamation Determines that First Nations are Sovereign
The Royal Proclamation explicitly states that Aboriginal title has existed and continues to exist and that all land would be considered Aboriginal land until ceded by treaty. -
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Acadians are exiled from their homes
Without making distinctions between the Acadians who had been neutral and those who had resisted the occupation of Acadia, the British governor Charles Lawrence and the Nova Scotia Council ordered them to be expelled. During that timespan, over 10,000 Acadians were expelled. -
Lord Durham’s report encourages the assimilation of the Francophone colonists
Lord Durham, a British politician, was sent to North America to investigate the causes of the twin rebellions the previous year in the colonies of Upper and Lower Canada. Durham's famous Report led to a series of reforms and changes including the union of the two Canada's into a single colony. It also paved the way for responsible government, a critical step in the evolution of Canadian democracy. -
The Creation of the Indian Act
The Indian Act allowed the government to control most aspects of aboriginal life: Indian status, land, resources, wills, education, band administration and so on. -
Chinese Head Tax discriminates against Chinese immigration
The Canadian government passed a new Chinese Immigration Act, which came to be known as the Chinese Exclusion Act. Under the new act, Chinese immigration to Canada was completely banned. -
Manitoba Schools Question becomes an issue in the federal election
The Manitoba Schools Question, which became the dominant issue in the 1896 federal election, led to the downfall of the ruling Conservative Party and the triumph of the Liberals, led by Wilfrid Laurier. -
Conscription Crisis During World War One
The Conscription Crisis of 1917 was a political and military crisis in Canada during World War I. It was mainly caused by disagreement on whether men should be conscripted to fight in the war. -
Indian Act Revised
Changed to limit the coverage given to the Natives, not including women who married non-Native men. -
The National Flag of Canada was created
Canadian Prime Minister Lester B Pearson at the time decided to use the maple leaf flag instead of the old flag that Britain gave to Canada. This became a very important Canadian identity because Canada has its own flag. -
The White Paper on Aboriginal Rights
The White Paper on Aboriginal Rights is a Canadian policy paper proposal made in June 1969 by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and his Minister of Indian Affairs, Jean Chrétien. The White Paper's lead purpose was to abolish all legal documents that had previously existed, including (but not limited to) the Indian Act, and all existing treaties within Canada. -
Canada adopts official multiculturalism
The Government of Canada, under Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau, declared in 1971 that Canada would adopt a multicultural policy. The Government of Canada would recognize and respect its society including its diversity in languages, customs, religions, and so on. -
Canada becomes bilingual
In 1969 the Official Languages Act was passed by parliament ,and declared Canada to be an officially bilingual nation in which all government workers should be able to speak both French and English. -
Bill 101 is Passed into Law in Quebec
The Charter of the French Language, also known as Bill 101 is a 1977 law in the province of Quebec in Canada defining French, the language of the majority of the population, as the official language of the provincial government. -
The NEP (National Energy Program) is Implemented
The National Energy Program (NEP) was an energy policy of the Government of Canada from 1980 to 1985. It was created under the Liberal government of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau by Minister of Energy Marc Lalonde in 1980, and administered by the Department of Energy, Mines and Resources. -
Quebec Refuses to sign the Constitution
With the new amending formula Quebec lost its veto over future constitutional change. Until then, Quebec or Ontario or a majority of Western or Maritime provinces could prevent any constitutional changes they didn't agree with. Another reason Quebec wouldn't sign was a phrase in the Charter of Rights which guaranteed minority language rights "where numbers warrant." This would have meant the end of Quebec's Bill 101 by protecting English language rights in Quebec. -
The Oka Crisis
The Oka Crisis, also known as the Mohawk Resistance, was a 78-day standoff between Mohawk protesters, police, and army. At the heart of the crisis was the proposed expansion of a golf course and development of condominiums on disputed land that included a Mohawk burial ground. -
Supreme Court determines that turbans can be worn with the RCMP uniform
After months of debate, the Brian Mulroney government announces new changes to the RCMP dress code including the freedom for observant Sikhs to wear beards and turbans -
Bloc de Quebecquois
The First French Party in Canada is created -
The second Referendum is held to decide if Quebec should separate from Canada
A second referendum was held to determine whether or not Quebec should become sovereign. The question asked voters whether "Quebec should become sovereign after having made a formal offer to Canada for a new economic and political partnership." -
Indian Act Amended
Indian Act changed to allow members off the reserves to vote. -
Canada Apologizes for Residential Schools
Prime Minister Stephen Harper apologizes to all the former students of Indian Residential Schools on behalf of all of Canada
