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HBC Trading Monopoly
King Charles II of england granted HBC monopoly on all trading around the Hudson Bay. This area was called Rupert's Land and no one was to colonize on it. -
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HBC controlled Ruperts Land
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The Royal Proclamation
This said that the french people who lived in Quebec were to follow british culture and were not to speak french. They used assimilation by enforcing laws, customs and english language onto the people of Quebec. -
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Britain Occupied the Land Around the Great lakes
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British Colonial Rule
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The Quebec Act
The British Government passed the Quebec Act, giving the french the right to maintain their french culture and language. -
Loyalist Migration
Loyalists for the Thirteenth Colonies moved north due to animosity from the Patriots. -
Treaty of Paris
This ended the American Revolution by Britian surrendering the land south of the great lakes, formerly known as the Thirteenth Colonies. -
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Fur trade was Booming
HBC was the main trading companny, people not with HBC join together to form the North West Company. -
Two more Colonies
The Brtitish Government created 2 more colonies, New Brunswick and Cape Breton Islands, due to the overwhelming number of loyalists. -
Constitutional Act
This at split Upper and Lower Canada and gave them each their own government and representative vote. -
Treaty of Paris
The treaty was signed saying that France was able to keep two small islands off of Newfoundland. -
The Battle of Lake Erie
This is one of the many battles that were fought during the war of 1812. This battle was fought in Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie, Ontario and was an American Victory. -
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The War of 1812
This was the war between the USA and Great Britian. Major battles were fought in both Upper and Lower Canada. However, this was the war that nobody won. -
The Battle of the Thames
This is one of the many battles that were fought during the war of 1812. This battle was fought near Moravian of the Thames First Nation (Chatham Kent) , Ontario and was an American Victory. -
The Battle of Queenston Heights
This is one of the many battles that were fought during the war of 1812. This battle was fought in Queenston, Ontario and was a British Victory. -
The Pemmican Proclamation
This Proclamation stated that no food could be taken from Assiniboia without a license.
This angered the Metis greatly as pemmican was their main source of food and they also would sell it to the settlers, which was their main source of income.
In turn, this caused the metis to fight back and destroy settlers crops and they attacked Fort Douglas. -
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The Great Migration
People were migrating to canada due to many things, such as, the potato famine (this brought the irish) and the underground railway (this brought slaves from the USA). -
Seven Oaks
The Metis met with the new governer at Seven Oaks.
This meeting broke out into a battle. No ones sure who started it but, in the end 1 metis died and 21 settlers died. -
HBC and North West Company joined
the two companies finally settled an argeement and join as one. They were then collectively called HBC. -
Lachine Canal
Built to bypass rapids in the St.Lawrence. -
Welland Canal
Built to bypass Niagara Falls. -
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Rebellions
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Act of Union
This act recommended uniting the two canadas and granting them responsible government. They would have equal representation of Upper and Lower Canada and they would have a sinlge government. -
Reciprocity Treaty
Lord Elgin brought up the Reciprocity treaty 3/4 of the merchants in montreal faced bancrupcy due to the Repeal of the Corn laws.
The Reciprocity treaty allowed free trade on specific items traded between Canada and the US. -
Repeal of Corn Laws
This guaranteed that no cheap wheat (the british called wheat corn) would be imported to compete with british farmers. In Britain they didnt have to pay taxes on wheat but for wheat that was imported from BNA it would cost alot more.
As a result BNA farmers abandonded their farmers and moved south to the US. -
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Lord Elgin was Governor General of Canada
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Responsible Government is achieved in Nova Scotia
Responsible government is when members of the executive council are chosen from the group with the most elected members in the Legislative Assembly. -
Responsible Government is Achieved In Canada East And West
Responsible government is when members of the executive council are chosen from the group with the most elected members in the Legislative Assembly. -
Rebellion Losses Bill
The people of Canada East wanted repayment for their losses during the rebellion.The people of Canada West had already been granted repayment. Lord Elgin had to sign this bill against his will because the majority of elected representatives voted for it. -
The Fugitive Slave Act
This act said that anyone that knew the where abouts of or held fugitives would be imprisoned. -
Grand Trunk Railway
A railway between Toronto and Montreal. It allowed for the travel of goods and of people. -
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Civil War
The Civil war in the US was between the North and South. this war was over slavery. -
Charlotte Town Conference
This conference was originally for the maritime colonies to discuss a maritime union.
Once Canada East and West found out,hey asked if they could sit in. They had the intentions of trying to convince them to expand the union to Confederation.
Confederation was discussed lightly at this event. However, it was generally a social event. From this they decided to have another conference in Quebec later on.
Canada East and West, Nova Scotia, New Brusnwick, and PEI attended this conference. -
Quebec Conference
The same delegates that attended the Charlotte town conference, attended the Quebec conference. Except this time Newfoundland attended as well.
At this conference they has many debates and in dept conversations about confederation.
The result of this conference, was Nova Scotia, New Brunswisk and Canada East and Weat agreeing to join confederation and drawing up the 72 resolutions to present to Britain. -
Fenians Annexation Bill
It never passed in the US house of representatives. This bill called for annexation of BNA and acceptance of its provinces as states in the union. -
The London Conference
Canadian delgates travelled to London to present the 72 resolutions. At the London conference a few minor changes were made to the resolutions. -
Alaska
The US purchased Alaska. This caused Canada to fear that they would use this as an opportunity to take over the Territories. -
Indian Act
This act agred that the would give certain people "indian" status. This was for full blooded aboriginals. NO METIS
If you had indian status you have certain privalges.
They would get assigned land and other privlages they they wanted. Except, there were many disadvantages for the "Indians" they had no right to vote and they could not drink alcohol. Also, the government could take resources fromt he land without paying the indians. There were many other conditions that made it unfair to the FN. -
Dominion of Canada
On this day, Queen Victoria signed the BNA act (which was formed based on the 72 resolutions). Officailly uniting Canada, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia as the Dominion of Canada -
NW Territories & Rupert's Land
This was the year that the North-West territories and Rupert's Land joined confederation. -
Metis Bill of Rights
This was a list of conditions for the government to abide by. It included things like the right to pass their own local laws and have seperate schools for religion. -
Rupert's Land
Canada made a deal with HBC and bought Ruperts Land -
Manitoba Act
This was the government's response to the Metis provisional government and their bill of rights. This act officailly named the red river colonies and its surrondings, the province of Manitoba. This gauranteed land titles for the land the metis already farmed. This act also set aside land for the metis. -
B.C.
British Columbia joined confederation in this year and became the sixth province of canada -
Dominion Land Acts
This act gave settlers a great deal on the land out west. It involved a $10 registration fee. Also, the settlers had to work on the land for 3 years to obtain it and if one left, they would have to forfeit the land. -
Pacific Scandal
MacDonald needed money for his campaign so, a railway owner, Sir Hugh Allan, donated $360 000 (equivilent of around 7 million now). This was a problem when Sir Hugh Allan was given the grant for the CPR. His contibution was seen as a bribe, once it got out that he had funded MacDonalds campaign. Due to this, MacDonald was force to resign. -
NWMP
John A. MacDonald created the North West Mounted Police. They were the police of the praries. They were made to: keep peace, look over the construction of the CPR in the praries, stop americans from invading, and stop whisky trades. -
P.E.I.
This is the year that Prince Edward island decided to join confederation and it became the seventh province in canada. -
Liberals Gain Power
Due to the Pacific Scandal, The conservatives lost the next election and the Liberals were voted into power, with Alexandar Mackenzie as the prime minister.
While in power, Mackenzie started the secret ballot and he also made it a necessity that all spendings in the government to be documented. -
MacDonald Returns
The Conservatives got elected back into power.
MacDonald proposed a national policy.
This would include a trans continental railway, settlement of the west, and protective tarrifs. -
CPR back on track
They were running out of time for the railway as the Liberals being in power was a set back.
The Montreal Company got the new contract. -
Northwest Rebellion
The metis tried to petition to MacDonald for rights but they were denied. Because of this Louis Riel came back and on March 19th they seized a protestant church and set up a provisional government. After this, war broke out. -
CPR completed
The CPR was completed in Craigellachie, British Columbia.
Donald Smith, who was the president of the Bank of Montreal and provided most of the funding for the CPR, put in the last spike. -
The Hanging of Louis Riel
Louis was eventually captured and was put on trial for high treason. There was a big conflict with this when everyone trying him was white and Natives and Metis werent even allowed inside the building. He was found guilty and had two options prison or death. In the end he was hung despite what the queen thought and it ended up causing an uproar and burning or parliment buildings. -
Van Horne CPR president
This was the year that William Van Horne officailly became the president of the CPR. He was originally the general manager, he hired navvies and purchased materials but was officailly promoted to president because of his large contirbution to and involvement in the CPR. -
Yukon
Yukon became the second territory because of the gold rush, Canada decided to make it a territory in fear that the US would take it. -
Alberta & Saskatchewan
This was the year that the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta were made. Saskatchewan as the third largest province in canada and alberta as the fifth. -
Newfoundland
Newfoundland joined confederation and in 2001 it was changed to Newfoundland & Labrador. -
Free Trade
Free trade was establidhes between Canada, the US and Mexico
