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Treaties with the French and British
Treaties all started when Europeans arrived in North America. The treaties were a way to ensure the regularity and security to access to native land and trading networks. -
Resistance to settlement
The Indigenous people react to the fact that the settlers begin to install themselves on the land. They are devasted and reluctant about the destruction of their land. They state that the settlers are stealing and destroying the territory. -
Royal Proclamation
Established by King George III on October 7, gaining the acquisition of Great Britain and a part of Louisiana. Which requires negotiation of treaties with the indigenous population. -
Indian act
Wanting to assimilate the aboriginal people, they wanted everyone to have the same euro Canadian culture. Stating that indigenous people were uncivilized, so they implemented civilization and Christianity, forcing them to be like the settlers. Women are banned from voting or running for chief and council. Ceremonies were banned, they needed passes to leave the reserve. Residential, schools become an official policy. -
Resistance at Residential schools
Residential schools were religious schools that many indigenous children were sent to. They were sent there to assimilate to the white culture, therefore, parents did not approve of the residential school systems, but were forced to do so anyway. Of course, there was a lot of resistance, children were removed from their household, from their cultures and tradition, and were mandated to follow through with it. Sadly, many of those children were verbally and physically abused, even death. -
Amendments to Indian Act
Providing many changes to the Indian Act, there were many amendments through the years, and many modifications were made. However, the one in 1951 was an important one. One of the modifications was removing the law about banning powwows and ceremonies, and reallowing indigenous to consume and have possession of alcohol but only on the reserve. Aboriginal people can now leave the reserve without a pass, they can now hire a lawyer but most importantly they can now practice their culture. -
Residential school settlement and agreement
Moreover 150, 000 indigenous children were removed from their home and their families. there were 139 Indian residential schools, which were not operated since the mid-1970, however, the last one closed definitely in the LATE 1990s. They implemented some settlements and reconciled with the children that did attend school, trying to buy their forgiveness with money. -
Woman and laws on indigenous
Laws have always had important consequences on indigenous people. However, before 1985, a woman that did have status would lose their rights when marrying a white man, on the other if a native man married a white woman nothing would change. But law c-31 came in and change that thought. More than 114000 people had gotten their rights back. -
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Oka crisis
The first well-publicized violent conflict between First Nations and the Canadian government. It all started because they wanted to enlarge the golf course and build 60 condos on the Mohawk territory. Which played an important role in the creation of the Royal Commission on indigenous people. -
The royal commission on Aboriginal people
After the crisis of Oka came the Royal Commission on Aboriginal people. The main aim of this commission is to investigate between indigenous people in Canada, the government and the society as a whole. They wanted to find ways to resolve issues. -
Birth of Nunavut
No April fools here, they redrew Canada's map and divided Northwest territories into two territories. They wanted to empower the Inuit political leaders. Nunavut meaning our land in inuktitut. Their political system incorporates traditional Inuit governance principles, they cannot lead any political parties and they must work by consensus, which means that the majority will take over. -
Adoption of United Nations Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
After many years of enduring discrimination and racism, Indigenous fought to get a declaration to say that WE have the same human rights as other people.
Adopted by the General Assembly in 2007, this act affirms indigenous people's self-determination and self-govern of their land, forced assimilation, and economic deprivation. Moreover, free, prior, and informed consent when in development of a project that may affect our land and resources. -
Idle No More
Created by four ladies, Jessica Gordon, Sylvia McAdam, Sheelah McLean and Nina Wilson. This was one of the largest movements in Canadian history and was created to protest against the introduction of the law C-45 of the conservative government of Stephen Harper. Chief Theresa Spense was part of a liquid diet hunger strike, which lasted 6 whole weeks, she did this do get Prime minister Stephan Harper and Government General David Johnson to sit and address her concerns.
