-
Quebec's Padlock Law
- A law made to prevent the publicationof Communist Propoganda in Quebec
- This law shut down a local communist newspaper called "La Clarté", which was literally padlocked by the police in 1937
- Although this law helped people who were against communism, it also denied the freedom of speach to many, as well a few other unfortunate consequences.
- This law was revoked in 1957
-
Spies in Canada: Gouzenko Affair
The Gouzenko Affair: Some Exhibits Released- Igor Gouzenko gave the Canadian Government secret documents that exposed Soviet Spies in return for permanent protection in Canada.
- The Canadian Government caught 18 out of the 39 spies that Gouzenko named
-
The Berlin Blockade
The Berlin Blockade -In fear of Germany starting a third world war, the Allied countries divided Germany into 4 parts, one for the USA, one for the USSR, one for France and one for England.
-Since the communist USSR had almost half of Germany on the East side, this split the country into the communist east and the democratic west.
-This ended up dividing all of Europe into a communist east and democratic west.
-Canada sided with the USA -
NATO and The Warsaw Pact
- NATO (the North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was formed in1949 and included Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, and the USA. -The purpose of NATO was that all of the above countries would support eachother and provide a united force in the event of an enemy attack. -The Warsaw Pact was the communist's versionof NATO, it included Albania, Bulguria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the USSR.
-
The Forgotten War - The Korean War
-Communist North Korea attacked democratic South Korea
-North Korea was supported by communist China, and South Korea was supported by the USA.
-The USA then recruited members of the UN to help defend South Korea, but only 16 member countries provided any aid.
-Canada's contributions ranked them third in total aid to South Korea with over 1000 wounded and 406 killed.
-By the end of the war, South Korea was independant, but Canada stayed until 1955 to maintain the uneasy truce and provide aid. -
The Suez Crisis & Pearsons's Nobel Prize
-There was tension in the middle east because of the new state of Isreal.
-Isreal was supported by the USA, where as the USSR supported Iraq, Syria and Egypt.
-The Egyptians took over British & French Parts of the Suez Canal and were in turn attacked by Britain & France.
-Lester Person made a plan to end the crisis which was to send 800 Canadian troops for peacekeeping.
-This plan was followed through and won Pearson his nobel prize in 1957 which helps him to become the Canadian P. M. in 1963. -
The Vietnam War and Draft Dodgers in Canada
The Vietnam War
-The Vietnam Was largely between Vietnam and the USA
-Canada did not fight in the war, but Canada did side with the Americans, so they helped them out by providing war supplies
-Draft Dodgers were a group of men who were elidgable to be conscripted for the war in the USA, so they fled to Canada
-There were nearly 30000 draft dodgers in Canada by the end of the Vietnem war on April 30, 1975 -
Sputnik and Canada's Space Program
Sputnik Launched
-The Russians' Sputnik was the first satellite to ever be launched into space.
-At first it was seen as harmless, but the USA began to fear that it could be used for nuclear warfare on North America, so the USA made ICBMs.
-The Russians responded by building their own long range missiles.
-Canada became involved in the space race in 1958 by helping found the Committee on Space Research -
John Diefenbaker
-John Diefenbaker, known as "Dief the Chief" was the head of the Conservative party in 1958.
-Diefenbaker was known to be excellent public speaker, & won Canada's vote by promising thousands of new jobs
-Diefenbaker passed the Canadian Bill of Rights in 1960
-Diefenbaker created thousands of jobs, but he also cost jobs when he cancelled the production of the Avro Arrow by replacing it with the American Bomarc missiles.
-He also banned Warheads which limitted American control of Canadian missiles -
The Avro Arrow and it's Cancellation
The Avro Arrow
-The Avro Arrow was a technically advanced fighter jet that was developed by Canadians in 1958 and was designed to protect Canada during the Cold War
-The Arrow's production was later cancelled and replaced by American Bomarc missiles.
-The cancellation of Arrow production cost Canada 14000 jobs. -
Continental Alliances: NORAD and the DEW line
-North America wanted to create a better system of defence against attack in the late 1950s, so they developed NORAD (the North American Air Defence) to help protect them from long rrange missiles that could launch nuclear bombs from 16000 kms away.
-NORAD included Canada and the USA
-The Americans then built several defence installations in NWT, reating the DEW (Distant Early Warning) line.
-The defence mechanisms picked up signals from enemy planes
-NORAD brought Canada and the USA closer -
The Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis
-Cuba was a Communist Country & was supported by the USSR who was secretly building nuclear missiles in Cuba.
-After hearing the news, J. F. Kennedy quickly set up a naval blockade around Cuba to stop the Soviet ships from delivering goods
-Everyone was expecting a nuclear war, but the Soviets turned back after a Canadian suggested that the missile sites be looked at by experts -
The Summit Series
Canada's Winning Goal
-The 1972 Summit Series was an 8 game hockey series between Canada & the USSR.
-The final scores of the eight games were:
1. USSR - 7 Canada - 3
2. USSR - 1 Canada - 4
3. USSR - 4 Canada - 4
4. USSR - 5 Canada - 3
5. USSR - 5 Canada - 4
6. USSR - 3 Canada - 2
7. USSR - 4 Canada - 3
8. USSR - 5 Canada - 6
TOTAL WINS: USSR - 3 Canada - 4
-Winning the series largely boosted Canadian Nationalism because they were now the top of the Hockey World!
-The clip above shows Canada's winning goal -
The Fall of the Berlin Wall
The Fall of the Berlin Wall
-The Berlin Wall was a physical wall put up in 1948 seperating the communist east side of Berlin and the democratic west side.
-The wall wasdemolished because of a series of radical political events resulting in the liberalization of east Berlin
-The governmant of east Berlin announced that easterners could now visit the west. The wall was no longer needed, so it was destroyed by civilians as shown in the video -
The Fall of the Soviet Union
-The USSR fell when it when the acknolodgement of the independance of the 12 republics of the Soviet Union was declared.
-The day before the declaration, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev resigned from office, which meant there was no one in charge at the time. Later that evening, the flag of the USSR was lowered from the Kremlin and replaced with the Russian tricoour.
-This turn of events marked the end of the Cold War.
