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1535
Reclamation
Claimed on behalf of King of France by Jacques Cartier, -
First Settlers
The first settlers came to the east coast of nowadays Canada in the early 16th century. Companies, motivated by the fur trade, arrived with the aid of the French crown to the territories near lakes San Lorenzo and the Great Lakes. -
Coureur des Bois
The French crown gave the Coureur des Bois relatively freedom to participate in trade and use the resources in the region. Mercantilism favoured the trade of fur and wood. Coureur des bios engaged in smuggling as they didn't receive much incentive -
Quebec
Foundation of Quebec by Samuel Champlain -
Montreal
Montreal is founded by Jesuit missionaries -
French province
In the 1700s, France adopted more control over the region transforming Canada into a French providence with a centralized government. -
The 7 year war/ French and Indian war
A global conflict between the UK and France. As a result of the war, France had to give up the North American territory to Britain through the Treaty of Paris(1763). France also cede Lousiana and Florida to Spain -
U.S.A's independence
The dominant class was conservative and rejected any idea of revolution for many two reasons. Fear of cultural annihilation, and trust in British superiority. -
Lower and Upper Canada
After the American independence , Englishmen loyal to the crown emigrated to northern territories giving place to upper Canada. French settlers in the territory of San Lorenzo remained in what sin known as Lower Canada -
Constitution
The Constitution Act of 1791 gave Canada its first constitution in which stated the basis of the government with a semi-responsible government but having the judicial and legislative power controlled by the crown. -
Rebellions 1837-38
Rebellions were against the colonial ruling class and demanded a more responsible Assembly meanwhile remaining loyal to the crown.
Lower Canada (Montreal, Quebec) - led by Louis Joseph Papineau
Upper Canada (Toronto, Ontario) - led by William Lyon MacKenzie -
The Durham Report
In response, the Uk Sent sent Lord Durham to investigate and make recommendations to prevent the loss of the territories.
He proposed three observation.
The colonial government should be more responsive to all the population, not just the dominant class.
Lower Canada shouldn't have a majority in the Assembly body as in 200 years in hadn't developed or entirely submitted to the British power.
English culture of Upper Canada should assimilate Canadian Francs of Lower Canada. -
The Union Act
This discrete united the colonies of lower and upper Canada in a single providence divided in east and west. From this point, the colony expanded to the west reaching the Pacific Ocean. -
Maritime Union.
the prime ministers of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island elaborate on the creation of a coalition named Maritime Union. -
Grand Coalition
The Prime Minister of the Province of Canada requested to participate along with Cartier and Brown. The idea of joining all the Canadian colonies would put an end to regionalism and other political problems. -
Charlottetown Conference
Negotiations began to establish a union. -
Quebec Conference
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London Conference
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British North America Act
In Quebec, 72 resolutions were adopted and approved in London by Queen Victoria which united the territories of Canada and regulated its autonomy with the control of the UK. Britain retained for itself control of foreign relations, the Supreme Court, and amendments to the constitution. -
Sir John McDonald
Sir John McDonald is elected as prime minister. He was a conservative who believed that a monarchic system was the best to rule a nation for a long time. -
Transcontinental railway
The principal deed of John McDonald as it united the country. -
Westminister's Statute
In this statute, Canada gained legislative equality which meant more autonomy