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The Birth of Fascism
Formation of the Italian Fascist Party under Benito Mussolini. Advocation for nationalist and anti-communist policies. -
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Fascism in Europe
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March on Rome
Mussolini's March on Rome, leading to his appointment as Prime Minister. A pivotal moment where the Fascists demanded power, and King Victor Emmanuel III invited Mussolini to form a government. -
Beer Hall Putsch
Adolf Hitler's failed attempt to seize power in Munich. Hitler's first attempt at a coup, resulting in his arrest and imprisonment. -
Mein Kampf Published
Hitler's autobiography and political manifesto are released. Mein Kampf outlines Hitler's ideology, including anti-Semitism and territorial expansion. -
Italian Dictatorship
Mussolini declares Italy a fascist state. The establishment of a dictatorship, centralized power, and suppression of opposition. -
Fascist Corporate State
Mussolini introduces the Corporate State economic system in Italy. The economic policy aimed at fostering cooperation between employers and employees. -
Hitler Appointed Chancellor
Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany. The beginning of Hitler's rise to power through legal means. -
Night of the Long Knives
Hitler purges the SA and solidifies power. The brutal elimination of perceived threats within the Nazi Party. -
Rome-Berlin Axis
Mussolini and Hitler sign the agreement, forming an alliance. The Axis powers strengthen ties, with Italy and Germany supporting each other's expansionist goals. -
Anti-Comintern Pact
Germany, Italy, and Japan sign an anti-Communist pact. Formation of an alliance against the spread of communism, laying the groundwork for future collaboration. -
Anschluss with Austria
Germany annexes Austria The annexation unites Germany and Austria, violating the Treaty of Versailles. -
Munich Agreement
Britain and France appease Hitler in the Munich Agreement. European powers concede parts of Czechoslovakia to Germany to avoid conflict. -
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Non-aggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union. Hitler and Stalin agree not to attack each other, setting the stage for later conflicts. -
Invasion of Poland
Germany invades Poland, marking the start of World War II. Blitzkrieg tactics are employed, showcasing the military effectiveness of the German army. -
Fall of France
Germany conquers France. Rapid German advance through the Ardennes results in the surrender of France. -
Operation Barbarossa
Germany invades the Soviet Union. The largest military operation in history begins, leading to significant battles on the Eastern Front. -
Axis Retreat
Allies gain victories in North Africa and Italy. Turning points at battles like El Alamein and Stalingrad shift momentum against the Axis. -
D-Day
Allied forces land in Normandy, marking a turning point. The largest amphibious assault in history sets the stage for the liberation of Western Europe. -
End of World War II
Mussolini executed, Hitler commits suicide, and fascism collapses. The fall of Berlin and the unconditional surrender of Germany mark the end of the war in Europe. -
Post-1945 Nuremberg Trials
Leaders of the Axis powers are tried for war crimes. The international tribunal holds key figures accountable for crimes against humanity.