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Late 1950s
Late 1950s: Early experiments with computer-assisted instruction (CAI) begin, laying the groundwork for CALL. -
Period: to
1950s-1960s: The Dawn of CALL
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Early 1960s
The concept of using computers for language learning emerges. Initial programs focus on drill-and-practice methods, where learners engage in repetitive exercises to reinforce vocabulary and grammar. -
1970s: The Rise of CALI
CALL starts to gain traction with a focus on drill and practice exercises, vocabulary, and grammar. -
1980s: Transition to C.A.L.L
Early 1980s: The term C.A.L.L begins to replace CALI, reflecting a broader understanding of how computers can facilitate language learning. Scholars recognize the potential for computers to support more communicative and interactive experiences. -
1990s
-Internet Integration: The rise of the internet brings new possibilities for CALL. Online language courses and resources become more common.
-Multimedia and Hypermedia: CALL tools begin incorporating multimedia elements like audio, video, and graphics, making learning more engaging and interactive. -
2000s: Technology-Enhanced Language Learning (TELL)
In the 2000s, the term Technology-Enhanced Language Learning (TELL) emerged, reflecting the growing integration of various technologies in language education. This period saw the proliferation of online language courses, mobile applications, and social media platforms that facilitated language learning. -
2010s-Present: The Mobile and AI Era
2010s: Gamification and social learning are integrated into CALL to enhance engagement. 2010s-Present: Artificial intelligence (AI) is incorporated into CALL for personalized learning, intelligent tutoring systems, and speech recognition. -
2020s
Advanced AI Applications: CALL tools increasingly utilize advanced AI for natural language processing, providing more accurate and contextually relevant feedback.