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Its origins
CALL originated in the early 1950s, paralleling the growth of computer technology. Initially, its applications were restricted to mainframe computers, which were mainly utilized in academic institutions. Early initiatives, like those at Stanford University, employed programmed instruction grounded in B.F. Skinner's behaviorist principles, focusing on repetitive tasks and positive reinforcement through drills and exercises. -
First programs appeared
The development of early CALL systems began with the advent of personal computers. Programs like PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations) emerged, offering language drills and practice exercises. PLATO was one of the first systems to use computer-based instruction for language learning.
PLATO -
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The communicative approach
The change in the 80´s signified a transition to the communicative approach, shaped by the theories of linguists like Stephen Krashen. During this period, CALL programs were developed that promoted interaction and genuine communication instead of mere rote learning. These programs included activities such as language games, text reconstruction, and tasks designed to encourage discussion and critical thinking, moving away from a focus on repetitive drills. -
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The internet era
The beggining of the internet revolutionized the world as a whole, including ways to learn languages. The rise of multimedia tools that were uploaded to the internet changed the way people learned, making it ultra accesible and easy. -
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Mobile and social media era
The proliferation of mobile devices and social media further transformed CALL. Language learning apps and platforms like Duolingo and Memrise gained popularity, offering gamified and adaptive learning experiences on smartphones and tablets. -
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Recent developments
CALL began to incorporate more advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence and machine learning. Tools like chatbots for conversational practice and personalized learning algorithms became more relevant.
The integration of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) into language learning offers immersive worlds that simulate real environments. AI tools and adaptive learning platforms are becoming increasingly sophisticated, providing highly personalized learning experiences.