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Henry VIII became the supreme head of the Church of England as it officially broke from Catholicism to Protestantism to support his divorce plans. -
Six month period of rebellions in Yorkshire and Lancashire against the dissolution of monasteries. -
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Edward was a strong Protestant and made many Protestant reforms including revising the mass-book which led to the publication of the Book of Common Prayer. -
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Restored authority of the Queen over the Church and allowed Elizabeth to establish a 'middle way' to encourage national unity after the trauma of previous years of religious conflict. Allowed for return to Protestantism in a new, more moderate way. -
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In the face of her Catholic oppression, the Pope excommunicates Elizabeth I. Almost gave Catholics license to kill her as it would be considered a crime by Rome. -
Part of Catholic repression at the time, any person converting to Catholicism received the death penalty. Forbidden to participate in Catholic Mass -
Plot by young Catholics who wanted to murder Elizabeth to put Mary Queen of Scots on the throne. Some communications between Mary and the conspirators. -
Raised in France as a Catholic and the legitimate heir to Elizabeth I's throne. Mary's Catholicism led to many threats on Elizabeth's life, causing her execution after supposed complicity in the Babington plot.
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Spanish invasion led by the Spanish king as a Catholic power against Protestant England defeated by Elizabeth I. -
Elizabeth I spoke to troops in Tilbury as they prepared for the Spanish Armada invasion. She famously said 'I know i have the body of a weak woman, but i have the heart and stomach of a King, and a king of England too'. -
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Conspiracy to blow up the Houses of Parliament and kill James I in protest against his harsh laws against Catholics. Plot failed as the barrels of gunpowder were discovered below parliament. -
First permanent British colony established.
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England at war with Spain and France. War drained finances considerably. Many military defeats under Lord Buckingham, Charles I's advisor.
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The newly emerging tobacco trade demanded more workers which led to the beginning of the slave trade in Virginia.
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MP's wanted Charles to recognise the limits to his powers and the illegality of martial law, imprisonment without trial and more abuses. Charles was extremely angry but signed the petition. -
For 11 years, Charles I ruled without calling a parliament. A clear defiance of parliamentary power.
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Document voted by parliament summarising all the misdemeanours of Charles I, as well as listing revolutionary demands for more parliamentary power over the monarchy and church. -
1643-1646, The Royalists or 'Cavaliers' who believed in the Divine Right of Kings vs The Parliamentarians or 'Roundheads' who believed that parliament should make the laws. 190000 died. -
From January to Autumn of that year. Made up of many royalist revolts that were easily defeated by Cromwell and his New Model army. -
England had no monarchy during this time.
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King put on trial for high treason by rump parliament in December 1648 and executed a month later on the 30th of January 1649. -
Led by Irish Catholic Royalist troops and brutally crushed by Oliver Cromwell. Men, women and children killed. -
This gave him executive power and he controlled the military diplomacy. -
Issued to Charles II asking him to restore the monarchy on various conditions including sharing power with parliament.
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1679-1681, Parliament tried to debar James II from succession as he was a Catholic. Charles dissolved parliament in response,
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Parliament invited the William of Orange (the King's son in law) to invade England and take the throne from James II. It was successful and King William III and Queen Mary II became the new monarchs. -
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The quickening increase of the slave population in Virginia over time showed the fast paced growth of the slave trade between America, Britain and West Africa.
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1775-1783, turning point for British Empire as they lost their North American colonies, signalling the end of the First British Empire. -
Formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The parliament of Ireland and Uk merged.