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Period: 1485 to
The House of Tudor dynasty
Five sovereigns starting with Henri VII and ending with Elizabeth I. -
Period: 1509 to 1547
HENRY VIII's reign
The king 'who wanted a divorce'. Although catholic he was the stepping stone in England becoming Protestant thanks to his Henrician Reformation. -
1534
Act of Supremacy
Following the Act in Restraint of Appeals (the year before establishing the sovereignty of England) Henri VIII makes himself the Supreme Head of the Church of England. A definite break from the papacy. -
1539
Whip with 6 strings
After the 10 articles of Faith (that were pro-reform) this reasserted catholic doctrines to protect England from European catholic countries invading them. This is a response to the Pilgrimage of Grace of 1536 (resistance towards reformation: the 10 articles of Faith, the act to dissolve monasteries in 1536) -
Period: 1547 to 1553
Edward VI's reign
Continuing in his father's footsteps the king moves forward with an even more radical take on reformation more sympathetic towards Protestantism. During this time Bishops hostile to reformation were eradicated and religious imagery was destroyed. -
1549
Book of Common Prayer
This national book aimed at uniformizing the English faith, and how the English Church should be codified. A more radical version was published in 1552 with forty-two Articles of Faith. -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Mary Tudor's reign
As she was a convinced catholic ( along with her husband Philip II of Spain) she backtracked on the reformation of her predecessors and tried to reinstate Catholicism. But the effects of her 'counter-reformation' weren't lasting as her reign was too short and she had no heir. -
Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth I's reign
A long reign of peace and prosperity that ended the Tudor dynasty. As she was the daughter of Anne Boleyn, the second wife of Henri VIII she was brought up protestant. She was a skilled politician, she consolidated the Church of England and united the country. Overall a 'Golden age'. -
1559
Act of Supremacy
Known as a part of the Elizabethan settlement.
The Queen was made Supreme Governor of the Church of England. -
1563
Thirty-nine Articles of Faith
The new common doctrine. Later in 1571, the Subscription Act forced the Clergy to abide by them or resign from their position as clergymen. This marks a new era of Anglican rule. -
1570
Elizabeth is excommunicated by Pope Pius V
The Catholic Church felt both threatened and offended by the Protestant Settlement undertaken by Elizabeth. The Pope viewed Elizabeth as a heretic and illegitimate heir to the throne of England. But the English Welsh nobles and parliament (Catholic or not) stayed loyal to Elizabeth, granting her political power, not the Pope. In 1571, a series of Acts, including the Treason Act ( illegal to question legitimacy/authority), were passed to protect Queen Elizabeth's authority. -
1577
Circumnavigation of Sir Francis Drake
This event is a catalyst for the Worldwide Expansion England will achieve. -
Mary, Queen of Scots was beheaded
Mary fled Scotland in 1568 because of her controversial Catholic monarchy and for the same reason she was killed. Queen Elizabeth ordered Mary's execution to remove her from her line of succession and dissuade potential rebellions (in catholic favour this time). -
The Spanish Armada is defeated
Although this does not put a final stop to the battle between Catholic Spain and Britain it is a significant event that predicted the war's outcome. -
Period: to
The Stuart Dynasty
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Period: to
James I's Reign ( VI of Scotland)
Despite his own beliefs / divinely ordained and Arminianism. This King keeps factions at peace through skilful religious politics. Necessary as most of the population is protestant (Catholics 2%) and Puritanism is becoming widespread and accepted. During his reign, the Parliament is formed of protestant scholars from Oxford whereas the nobles are still Catholics. He mostly reigned with his privy council, and this was possible because no war caused him the need to call Parliament. -
Gunpowder Plot
Guy Fawkes led a group that intended to blow up Parliament (they placed gunpowder under every house of Parliament members). They intended to bring catholicism back. Although they failed the aftermath was a shift in public attitude, hatred grew toward Catholics. -
King James Bible
King James I was one of the scholarly kings and his Bible is the most poetic one to date. -
The Mayflower sails to New World
Puritans leave England on this ship and sail to Massachusets Bay where they will freely practice their faith. -
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Charles I's Reign
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Petition of Right
This is a result of the too many levied taxes made by King Charles I without the parliament's consent.
This text states the legal basis for fighting Charles I absolute monarchy. This makes the King mad he decides to rule without Parliament for then. Despite signing it reluctantly he still doesn't believe the law can infringe on his rights. He dissolved the Parliament in 1629. -
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The Eleven Years of Tyranny
Otherwise known as Charles I Personal Rule. After he signed the Petition of Right, he was motivated to get rid of the Parliament and he dissolved it. And he ruled with his privy council without ever summoning the Parliament. -
Grand Remonstrance
This text was by the House of Commons. It was a list of grievances that attacked Charles I and his economic and religious policies once again. -
Irish insurection
The Irish fed up with the English elite and British plantations impeached Lord Deputy of Ireland, Tomas Wentworth Earl of Strafford. The rebellion was also motivated by their desire to go back to the Roman Catholic Church. During the conflict raising an army proved difficult as he needed to discuss it with the Parliament, but unable to compromise a lot of blood was shed. This also led to the creation of Confederate Ireland In 1642. -
The king raises his Standard at Nottigham
The first English Civil War begins. The Cavaliers against the Roundheads -
Charles I's execution
The war started in Scotland in 1640 and civil war broke out in 1641. After winning and losing some battles the King ended up surrendering to the Scots in 1646. He was then beheaded in 1649 after he refuses to plead during his trial. -
Period: to
Interruption of Monarchy Commonwealth
It was known as an austere time when Christmas was banned alongside music! -
Act of Union with Irland
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Second Bishop's War / Summoning the Parliament
The Scottish rebelled against the reformation of the Kirk as forced onto them by the new Book of Common Prayer. This led the king to summon, Parliemt 'Short Parliament' to fund the war and then to dissolve it as they were in disaccord only to summon it some months later ' Long Parliament'(20 years). This was a key moment leading up to the first English Civil War.