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Period: 1509 to 1547
Henry VIII's reign
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1517
Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses
Martin Luther wrote and published the Ninety-Five Theses -
1526
The Tyndale Bible
The New Testatment was translated into English by William Tyndale -
1534
Act of supremacy 1534
Defined the right of Henry VIII to be supreme head of the Church of England -
Period: 1536 to 1537
Pilgrimage of Grace
The monasteries dissolution process was interrupted by rebellions in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire -
1537
Permission for an English bible
English bible was allowed (instead of a Latin one) and soon made mandatory in every Church -
Period: 1547 to 1553
Edward VI's reign
Edward VI died at the age of 15 from tuberculosis -
1549
Publication of the book of common prayer
Was allowed under the reign of Edward VI thanks to the revision of the mass-book -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Mary I's reign
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1554
Restauration of Catholicism
Mary I restored Catholicism in 18 months -
Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth I's reign
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1559
Act of Uniformity
Legislation stating that :
- every parish had to use the book of common prayer
- people who did not attend an anligan service were fined -
1559
Elizabethan religious settlement
Queen Elizabeth wished to create a new moderate religious settlement derived from her father's (Henry the VIII) with both catholic and protestant ideas -
1559
Act of supremacy 1559
Legislation of Elizabeth the first which made her « superme governor of the church of england » -
Period: 1563 to 1571
39 articles of faith
3 important changes :
- new ecclisiology (conception of the church)
- new doctrine of Salvation (how we can be sent to heaven)
- new definition of sacraments and of the mass -
1569
The Northern Rebellion
Rebellion against religious reforms
Attempt to replace E. by Mary Queen of Scots
Led by the earls of Westmorland and Northumberland -
1570
Pope Pius's Papal Bull « Regnans in excelsis »
A violent text which excommunicated Elizabeth I -
1571
The Treasons Act
made it treason for anyone to say that Elizabeth was not the true Queen of England and Wales -
1581
The 1581 Act
- provided death penalty for any catholic prsn
- prohibited to participate to a catholic mass
- 163 catholics were killed in 26y (1577-1603)
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The Babington plot
A plot made by young catholics to kill Elizabeth and replace her with Mary Queen of Scots -
Execution of Mary Queen of Scots
Mary Queen of Scots was executed after many years of imprisonment (19y) because of the Babington plot -
The defeat of the Spanish Armada
King of Spain (involved in several plots against E.) attempted to invade England but failed, England was victorious -
Period: to
James I's reign
- son of Mary Queen of Scots
- Both King of England (James I) and King of Scotland (James VI)
-
The Gunpowder plot
a plot devised by a small group of Catholics to blow up Parliament and kill James I -
Dissmission of Parliarment
- James I attempted to introduce the "Great Contract" : he would receive a fixed sum by parliarment
MPs refused and Parliarment was dissmised -
Period: to
The Thirty Years' war
-
Period: to
Charles I's reign
- favoured arminians
- was EXECUTED
-
Petition of Rights
Petition made by MPs, basically to get Charles I to recognise that there were limits to his powers -
The Three Resolutions
Mps passed a law that declared that was considered enemy of the kingdom :
- whoever tried to bring in “Popery or Arminianism” / to alter the protestant forms of the Church of England
- whoever advised the King to collect custom duties without Parliament’s consent -
Period: to
The Personal Rule
- 11 y when the King ruled without a parliament
- called “The Eleven Years Tyranny”
-
Period: to
The Scottish Crisis
rebelion of the Scottish against Charles I because he attempted to draw the Church of Scotland (Calvinist) into line with the Church of England (Anglican) -
The Militia Act
Act that held that army should be placed under the control of a general appointed by Parliament -
The Grand Remonstrance of 1641
an important document voted by Parliament that summerized all the wrong doing of Charles I
- concluded on “revolutionary” demands:
• right of the House of commons to choose the King’s ministers
• right for Parliament to control any army sent to Ireland
• right for Parliament to reform the Church -
The Irish Rebellion
Irish Catholic rebels rose up against English/Scottish Protestant settlers send by James I (plantation policy) -
Arrestation of 5 MPs by Charles I in the House Of Commons
Charles I marched into the House of Commons with troops and attempted to arrest 5 MPs
He believed that 5 MPs were plotting against the queen -
Charles I declared war on Parliarment
22 August 1642, Charles formally declared war on Parliament. -
Period: to
First Civil War
Parliarlent was victorious -
Battle of Naseby
the Royalist forces were weakened -
Charles I and the Royalists surrendered
the king was then put in army custody -
Charles I escaped from army custody
- he allied with the Scots
- promised them to introduce Presbyterianism/Calvinism into England in return for the invasion of the Scottish army in England to restore him to power
-
Period: to
The Second Civil war
-
England was declared a Commonwealth (Republic)
Monarchy and House of Lords were abolished -
Massacre of the Irish Royalist troops and civilians in Drogheda
- Royalist revolts (in support of monarchy) took place in Ireland and Scotland - were brutally repressed by Cromwell (Wexford massacre [every man, woman children killed])
-
Period: to
Interregnum
period between 2 reigns/kings -
Period: to
The Commonwealth
England was governed by its people without a King (=republic) -
Execution of Charles I
after he was put on trial for high treason, Charles I was executed = Regicide -
Cromwell defeated the Scots Army
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Blasphemy Act 1650
blasphemy = attack on God -
Cromwell crushed the uprising of the Scots Royalist force led by Charles II
-
The Instrument of Government
→England’s first and only written constitution -
Cromwell dissolved the Parliament
Because of problems with Parliament:
- Slow progress with electoral reform
- Tensions between Army and Parliament -
Period: to
The “Military Protectorate”
England was ruled by Cromwell -
Period: to
The Cromwellian Protectorate
-
Charles II issued the Declaration of Breda
In return for the restoration of monarchy, it promised:
•A general amnesty (pardon)
•To continue religious toleration
•To share power with Parliament -
Period: to
Charles II's reign
-
The restauration
The king (Charles II) was restaured -
The Act of uniformity 1662
All ministers had to swear to conform to the Book of Common Prayer -
1665 Outbreak of Plague
- the last in a long series of plague epidemics that first began in London in June 1499
- killed between 75,000 and 100,000 ppl
-
1666 Great Fire of London
- great fire that swept through central London from Sunday 2 September to Thursday 6 September 1666
- 6 ppl died
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The Popish Plot
- Rumour of a plot organised by French ppl to murder Charles II and replace him by his Catholic brother James II
-
Period: to
Exclusion crisis
- Parliament attempted to debar James II from the succession to the English throne - Parliament was dissolved
-
Period: to
James II's reign
- under his reign, ppl feared catholic absolutism
-
Parliament invited the William of Orange to invade England and seize the crown
- was James II's son in law -landed with an army of 15 000 men and met no resistance
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Toleration Act 1689
- established religious pluralism and freedom of worship for all Protestants
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The Bill of Rights
A key political text presented to William III and Mary (his wife) that :
- limited the monarch’s power (for the first time)
- Set out the rights of Parliament
- Set out basic civil rights
- Listed James' misdeeds -
The Act of Settlement 1701
Ensured a Protestant succession, because William and Mary had no heir
- ignored dozens of Catholic heirs -
Act of Union between England and Scotland
- Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain: England,Wales and Scotland -
Act of union (1801)
legislative agreement uniting GB (England and Scotland) and Ireland under the name of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland