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Period: 1500 to
Early modern Period
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Period: 1509 to 1547
REIGN OF : King Henry VIII
Henry VIII was born in 1491 and died in 1547. He initiated the schism : the Church of England seperated with the Roman Catholic Church in 1534. -
1517
The ninety-five theses (by Martin Luther)
In this book, the german monk exposes his disagreement with the Catholic church's customs such as indulgences. -
1526
The Tyndale Bible (by William Tyndale)
William Tyndale translated the Bible in early modern english. He got executed in 1536 by the Catholic Church. -
1534
Act of supremacy
The King was made "Supreme head of the Church" : all the power that the Pope had were transfered to him. -
Period: 1534 to 1553
Protestant Reformation
During this period the Church of England seperated from the Roman Catholic Church. England become protestant with new legislations. -
1536
Pilgrimage of Grace
The Pilgrimage of Grace was a popular revolt that lasted 6months, begining in Yorkshire (North of England). It started because of the reformation and the dissolution of monasteries, but also mentionned economic grievances. -
1537
Permission for an English Bible
King Henry VIII demanded an English Bible in every Church of England. -
Period: 1547 to 1553
REIGN OF : King Edward VI
Edward VI was born in 1538 and died in 1553 at the age of 15. He was the son of Henry VIII and became King at 9yo. He pursued the protestants mesures initiated by his father. -
1549
The Book of Common Prayer
Prayer book used in the Anglican Communion. It gathers multiple prayer. -
Period: 1553 to 1558
REIGN OF : Mary I (Tudor)
Mary Tudor was born in 1516 and died in 1558. She was the daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, she became first Queen of England. In contrary to Edward VI she restored catholicism. -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Catholic Restoration
Mary I restored catholicism in 18 month. -
Period: 1555 to 1558
BLOODY MARY
During this period, Mary I, pushed protestantism to secrecy as she put to stake nearly 200 protestants and forced the other to leave the country (Marrian exiles). -
Period: 1558 to
Anglican Church (Via media)
Compromise between catholic and protestant belief instored by the Queen Elizabeth I -
Period: 1558 to
REIGN OF : Elizabteh I (Golden Age)
She was born in 1533 and died in 1603. She was the daughter of Henry VIII and Ann Boleyn. She wanted to appease religious tensions while being unmarried. She did not pursue the Catholic Restoration but the Protestant Reformation. -
1559
Act of Supremacy (2)
Queen Elizabeth I restored her authority over Church and became Supreme governor of the Church of England. -
1559
The Act of Uniformity
Statement of religious belief : every parish had to use the Book of Common Prayer, and those who did not attend Anglican service were fined. -
Period: 1563 to 1571
39 articles of faith
Those articles stated the doctrine of the Church : new ecclesiology, new belief of salvation and new definition of sacraments. -
1570
Elizabeth I excommunication.
After waiting a long time in hope of a return to catholicism, the Pope decided to excommunicate the Queen. -
1581
The 1581 Act
After a lot of repression from catholics, many plots and attempt to replace the Queen by Mary queen of Scots, Queen Elizabeth I made an act to retain her subjects in their due obedience : death penalty for catholics, interdiction to celebrate catholic mass, obligation to assist anglican services. -
The Babington plot
Sir Francis Walsingham (a spymaster), discovered letters between Mary Stuart and a group of young catholic, aiming to kill the Queen and put Mary on the throne. -
Execution of Mary Queen of Scots
After finding out that her cousin Mary Stuart was threatening her life and place as a queen, Elizabeth I finally had a reason to execute her. -
The defeat of the spanish armada
Philipp II King of Spain attempted to invade England after several plot against the Queen. Nevertheless England had better material and human advantage. Their defeat acted as a proof of Elizabeth I's qualities and divine protection (reaffirmation of Anglican Church). Plus it helped national cohesion. -
Speech to the troops at Tilbury
The Queen made this speech to rally the troops who were preparing to repel the invasion of the spanish Armada. -
Period: to
REIGN OF : King James I
King James I was born in 1566 and died in 1625. He was the son of Mary queen of Scots and became king of Scotland in 1587. He was also crowned king of England in 1603 and pursued Elizabeth's reformation. -
The Gunpowder plot (failed)
Since James I was Mary Stuart' son a lot of catholics held high hopes for a return to catholicism. Yet the King comfirmed the Elizabethan status quo. So a small group of catholics plotted against him to blow up parliament and kill the King. -
The Great Contract : parliament dismissal
Because of several financial issues the King tried to introduce a financial reform : "The Great Contract". The House of Commons rejected it and King James I dismissed parliament. -
King James' Bible
This new english translation Bible was the only important change of King James I reign. -
Period: to
The Thirty Years War
In 1624 the Parliament agreed to finance the war on Catholic Spain. Nevertheless James I died in 1625 -
Period: to
REIGN OF : King Charles I
Charles I was born in 1600 and died in 1649. He firmly believed in divine right of Kings and favoured the Arminians who wished to restore traditional ceremonies and increase the autority of bishops and the clergy. He also kept a very conflicted relationship with parliament. -
The Petition of Rights
MPs wanted the King to recognize the illegality of his actions and know that there were limits to his powers. The King furiously signed it. -
The Three Resolutions
It was declared by MPs and implied that anyone that tried to alter the protestant form of the Church of England or advised the king to collect custom duties whitout parliament approval was an ennemy of the Kingdom. -
Period: to
The Personal Rule
King Charles I saw the declaration of the Three Resolutions as an act of open defiance and imprisoned the concerned MPs, plus he dissolved parliament and declared that there would be no more parliament. He then ruled 11years without calling a parliament. -
Period: to
The Scottish Crisis
The King was trying to draw the calvinist Kirk into lign with the protestant Church of England. When he imposed a book of Common Prayer, riots of protest erupted. -
The Scottish National covenant
It was a petition signed by Charles I's leading opponant in order to keep the spiritual independance of the Kirk. -
Treaty of Ripon
It was a peace Treaty following the invasion of England by the Scots. -
The Irish Rebellion
As a result of King James I plantation policy, Irish Catholics rose up against Protestant settlers. 3000/4000 where massacred. -
The Militia Act
It declared that the army should be placed under the control of a general appointed by Parliament. -
The Grand Remonstrance
A document voted by Parliament that summerized all the wrong doings of Charles I and concluded on revolutionary demands. It divided the Parliament in two groups : the Parlimentarians and the Royalists. -
Catalyst for the English Civil War
Charles I believed that 5MPs were plotting against the Queen. He marched into the House of Commons and attempted to arrest them on January 1642. He then on August 1642 declared war on Parliament. -
Period: to
The First Civil War
This civil war opposed the King and Royalist to the Parlimentarians. It costed the lives of 190.000 Englishmen and lasted four years. The Parlimentarians won. -
Period: to
The Second Civil War
After the King was seized by the New Model Army he escaped in november 1647 and allied himself with the Scots. It was a very short civil war and the Royalists were defeated by Cromwell -
Execution of Charles I
The King was tried for high treason and sentenced to death. -
Period: to
The Interregnum
During this period England experimented many republican forms of government. -
Period: to
The Commonwealth
The Monarchy and House of Lords are abolished abd England is declared a Commonwealth governed by the people. -
The instrument of Government
England first and only written constitution -
Period: to
The Cromwellian protectorate
After several rebellion from the Irish and Scottish, and problems with the Rump Parliament Cromwell dissolved it on april 1653. In december he starts the Cromwellian Protectorate : a military dictatorship (similar to a monarchy) -
Period: to
REIGN OF : King Charles II
After a year of anarchy with 7 different government, Charles II the son of Charles I restored monarchy and issued the declaration of Breda. Eventually he didn't respected his promises. -
Act of uniformity
All ministers had to swear to conform to the Book of Common Prayer -
The Popish Plot
There was rumors that the French wanted to murder Charles II to replace him with his catholic brother James II. -
The Glorious Revolution
William of Orange, James II protestant son in law was invited to take over the crown. He suceeded and became King William III while James II fled to France. -
The Bill of Rights
It was a key political text that fixed limitations to the sovereign's power, and set out rights to the parliament and basic civil rights. -
The Act of Settlement
Since William III and Mary II had no surviving children this act ensured a Protesant succession. -
Act of Union between England and Scotland
It created the United Kingdom of Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales). -
Period: to
THE GEORGIAN ERA
It implies the reign of George I, George II, Geroge III and George IV. -
Period: to
Jacobitism in France and Scotland
Some people in France and Scotland didn't support the Glorious Revolution and were still loyal to the Stuart dinasty; they were named the Jacobites. They rised in 1715, 1745 and finally were defeated in 1746. -
Irish Rebellion
The Irish were influenced by French and American revolutions to rise against British rule. Yet they were defeated. -
The Union Act
It created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.