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Period: Jan 1, 1500 to
Brazil, Russia, India, and China
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May 17, 1500
Brazil is discovered!
In 1500, a Portuguese exploer named Pedro Cabral, discovered Brazil. In 1532, the first coloney in Brazil is founded by Martim Afonso de Sousa. -
Problems in Russia in 1600
Michael Romanov determines to make Russia a European power. The Law of Code of 1649, divided the society into ranks and occupational classes from which no one could move classes. Serfdom still existed. -
Battle of Plassey
Bengal was one of the last independent provencies in India. British East India Company fought to gain rule in Bengal. The British East India Company, extended their rule over all of India. The establishment of a British Empire forms in India. -
Taiping Rebellion
20 to 30 million died in the rebellion. The government eventually crushed the rebellion. The rebels gain control of large parts of China for 14 years. The Peasants revolt against extravagant and corrupt dynasty due to the increased poverty for masses. -
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Tilak was a nationalist that created a Hindu-Muslim alliance for idependence. He was also the founder of the Indian independence movement. -
The Sepoy Rebellion
This was the first united rebellion against the British rule. Some of the causes were: Low Pay, Heavy rule by the East India Company, Concern that British was going to force Christianity on them, Mixing of Castes with the army, and the use of cow and pig fat to grease gun cartridges, which was offensive to Hindu and Muslim soilders. -
British Rule
In 1858, British assumes total control over India affairs. All the laws in India, were passed in the British Parliment. "Taxation without Representation" becomes a major issue for the Indians. -
Mohammed ali Jinnah
Jinnah was regarded as the founder of Pakastan. He served as a leader of the Muslim League. Jinnah rose in the Indian National Congress advocating Hindu-Muslim unity. (Lucknow Pact, 1916) He proposed safeguards for the political rights of Muslims in India. He embraced the goal of creating a seperate state for Muslims. -
Boxer Rebellion
China began to be carved up by imperialist powers looking to gain resouces for trade and to expand the spheres of influence. Patriots of the movement began to be know as Boxers. The Coalition army was a mix of imperialist troops that crushes rebellion. It created heavy penalties on China, and made China pay a large amount of insurance. -
The Appeal of Marxism and Struggle for a New China
Some Chinese people began to turn to the ideas of Marx and Lenin. The Soviet Union was willing to train Chinese students and military officals to become leaders of a communist revolution. Sun Yat-Sen established a government in South China and planned to raise an army to defeat warlords, and spread his governments rule all over China. Western democracies refused to help so he joined forces with a small group of Chinese Communists and used Soviet aid to defeat the warlords. -
Bloody Sunday
In St. Petersburg, Bloody Sunday was taking place. Peaceful protests for improved rights and working conditions, comes to an end when troops kill 200 protesters, and injure 800 more. This action leads to strikes, and the formation of Soviets. Nicholas the II, creates the Duma to try to fix this problem. -
May 4th Movement
Students protested against 21 demands. Their goal was to strengthen China by rejecting Japan and adopt ideas form the West, and put an end to foreign domination. -
Revolt of the Copacabana Fort
People opposed to the domination of the political and economical systems by the planter families. Many of the tenentes came from poor, and backward states lacking in political influence. 16 young officers were killed. -
The Death of Lenin
Lenin had been able to eliminate all organized parties against Communism. Lenin had set up a dictartorship of the Communist party that controlled the Soviets. He suffered a stroke in 1922, and then suffered another stroke that eliminated his speech. Lenin then critisized Stalin in a letter, that recommended Stalin's removal from post secratery. Lenin died January 21, 1924. -
Results of the Revolt
The Revolt of the Tenentes was defeated, but about 1000 tenentes fled into the inside of Brazil and evaded. This pushed the troops from Rio Grande do Sul to the Northeast and back to the inside of Brazil. This lasted until 1927 when the remnants decided to exile in Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay. -
Joseph Stalin Comes to Power
Stalin demands that Trotskey is assasinated so he can take power. Stalin then places all workers under government control, and creates farming communes. He developed the 5 year plant to try to industrilize Russia. He established satilite countries around the USSR, and lead the USSR against Hitler in WWII. -
Jiang Jieshi
Jiang took over Kuomintang after Sun’s death in 1925. This leads northern expedition in cooperation with Chinese Communists and crushes local warlords which leads to him taking control of Beijing. He would then take control of the new government – but without the Communists.
Jiang saw Communists as a threat and in early 1927 ordered Kuomintang troops to slaughter Communist Party members.
Thousands were killed and it marked the beginning of a bitter civil war which lasted 22 years -
The Constitution of 1934
The Constitution created many social reforms, including minimum wage laws. It also created a problem for the poor and illiterate classes. The poor and illiterate classes could not vote. -
Hyperinflation
Brazil begins to change by encouragement of investment, foreign, and domestic. Created the National Bank for Economic Development, and construction of the new capital begins. This leads to a high rate of inflation. -
Lenoid Brezhnev
Brezhnev crushed all opposition in USSR and the satilite countries. He made all basic freedoms non-existant, and pushed technelogical and scientific progress to improve economy in the USSR.
