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Formed by the Virginia Company of London, in 1607. It was the 1st permanent English settlement in North America. it became Virginia.
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1st slaves were in Jamestown 1619. They weren't used much at first. However, by 1700, most labor needs were filled by the forable importation of Africans. "Middle Passage"- trip from Africa to America by boat (overcrowded, filthy conditions). Slaves had NO rights in America. Were considered the propety of the owner. A few got freedom like indentured servants. Most were slaves for life. The North and South would eventually fight the Civil War over the issue of slavery.
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1st elected assembly in the New World. Still operates today as the "General Assembly".
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The Mayflower Compact is the document where they agreed to obey laws created for the general good. Pledged loyalty to God and the King. Created a Covenant Community (a community based on the promises found in the Mayflower Compact)
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the North American theater of the worldwide Seven Years' War. The war was fought between the colonies of British America and New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France, as well as Native American allies.
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Was signed by Great Britain, France, and Spain. Together with the treaty of Hubertusburg, it terminated the Seven Years War.
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Was initially issued by King George III in 1763 to officially claim British territory in North America after Britain won the Seven Years War.
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Was passed by the British Parliament on March 22, 1765. The new tax was imposed on all American colonists and required them to pay a tax on every piece of printed paper they used. Ship's papers, legal documents, licenses, newspapers, other publications, and even playing cards were taxed.
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Colonists and British soliders in Boston competed over jobs. One evening, a mob of anti-british demonstrators fromed. Bristish troop fired into the mob and 5 colonists died. Colonial Leaders portrayed it as a "massacre" to arouse anger toward Britain.
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The "Critical Period" refers to the period of time following the end of the American Revolutionary War in 1783 to the inauguration of George Washington as President in 1789.
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England put retrictions on tea. Colonist boarded teaships in Boston and threw tea into the water.
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The meeting of representatives from all 13 colonies except Georgia. In pliladelphia. Issued a statement of colonial rights. Urged colonies to form militias. Important because it was the 1st time almost all 13 colonies acted together (like a unified country)
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British troop attacked a colonial weapons stockpile. Minutemen assembled. Fighting erupted.
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Created the continental army. George Washington was the general. Issued the "Olive Branch Petition" final peace offer. REJECTED.
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Issued by the Continental Congress. Written by Thomas Jefferson (from Va). The colonies officially separated from England.
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Ratified March 1, 1781. Was a document signed amongst the 13 original colonies that established the United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states and served as its first constitution.
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French General Marquis de Lafayette developed a plan. The French navy blocled the exit of the Chesapeake Bay. Americans and French surrounded Cornwallis/the British. Cornwallis surrendered.
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Ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the United States of America.
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Was adopted by the Continental Congress in the United States on May 20, 1785. Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress did not have the power to raise revenue by direct taxation of the inhabitants of the United States.
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Was an armed uprising that took place in Massachusetts (mostly in and around Springfield) during 1786 and 1787, which some historians believe "fundamentally altered the course of United States' history."
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A national political convention held at Annapolis, Maryland, in which twelve delegates from five states–New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Virginia–gathered to discuss and develop a consensus about reversing the protectionist trade barriers that each state had erected.
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Created a 2-house congress. A senate where each state gets 2 votes. Also, a House of Representatives, where representation is based on population. They also balanced power between large and small states.
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Slaves counted as 3/5ths of a person when determining a states's representation in House of Representation. Placated southern states.
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In Philadelphia. Key leader George Washington, presided over the convention. Seldom took part in debates. His presence brought prestigue to the meeting. Also, key leader James Madison, also know as "Father of the Constitution" Brilliant philosopher. Often led the debates. Kept a great diary of the meeting.
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Was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States (the Confederation Congress), passed July 13, 1787. The ordinance created the Northwest Territory, the first organized territory of the United States, from lands beyond the Appalachian Mountains, between British Canada and the Great Lakes to the north and the Ohio River to the south. The upper Mississippi River formed the Territory's western boundary.
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Washington was the 1st president. He served to consecutive terms.
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Set up the court system.
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Def: the first 10 Amendments. Deals with rights/liberties. Written byb James Madison. Who consulted 2 Va laws when writing the Bill of Rights. The Virginia Declaration of Rights, by George Mason. which dealt with basic human rights. Also the Virginia Statue of Religious Freedom, by Thomas Jefferson. Which outlawed the 'established church" having a governmant favored church.
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The modern mechanical cotton gin was invented in the United States in 1793 by Eli Whitney. Whitney applied for a patent on October 28, 1793; the patent was granted on March 14, 1794, but was not validated until 1807.
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John Adams (Federalist) defeated Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican)
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Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) defeated John Adams' (Federalist). Thomas jefferson served 2 consecutive terms.
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A case. Marshall declared a law unconstitutional. Importance of it was that it established the power of judicial review.
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Jefferson bought this land from France. It doubled the size of the U.S. Included land from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains.
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British interference with American shipping. War lasting for 2 and a half years.
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A case. Marshall upheld the federal governmants right to establish a bank. Said a state couldn't tax the bank due to national supremacy. Importance is that it established the doctrine of implied powers. Also, showed the Court could mediate between states and the federal government.
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Susan B. Anthony was an American social reformer and feminist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement.
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Was passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in the western territories.
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The Monroe Doctrine was articulated in President James Monroe's seventh annual message to Congress
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A case. The court overturned a steamboat monopoly. Importance is that it confirmed the ferderal governments power over commerce.
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Uncle Tom's Cabin is an anti-slavery novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. It was published in 1852.
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An enslaved African American man who had been taking by his owners to free states, attempted to sue for his freedom.
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The election served as the immediate impetus for the outbreak of the American Civil War. Before Lincoln's inaguration seven southern states declared their secession and later formed the Confederacy.
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Surrender of Fort Sumter near Charleston, South Carolina. Leading to a Confederate victory beginning of the American Civil War.
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Was signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln. Anyone who had never taken up arms against the U.S. government (including freed slaves and women), was 21 years or older, or the head of a family, could file an application to claim a federal land grant.
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Fought near Sharpsburg, Maryland. Was the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Union soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American History.
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President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."
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Generally refers to the period in United States history immediately following the Civil War in which the federal government set the conditions that would allow the rebellious Southern states back into the Union.
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Took place in Warren County, Mississppi. Was the final major military action of the Amercian Civil War.
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Was fought in and around Gettysburg, Pennslyvania. By Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War.
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A speech by President Abraham Lincoln, one of the best-known in American History. Delivered buring the American Civil War.
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The thirteenth amendment abolished slavery.
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One of the last battles of the American Civil War. Where Confederate states army General Robert E. Lee surrendered to the Union army under Lt. Ulysses S. Grant.
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Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.
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Reconstruction Acts were extended to include the registration of qualified voters who had taken the oath of allegiance to the United States.
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It was the first presidential election to take place after the American Civil War.
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Granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed.
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Was the largest and one of the most important American labor organizations of the 1880s
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Prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's race or color.
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Federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur. It was one of the most significant restrictions on free immigration in US history, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers.
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A labor protest rally near Chicago's Haymarket Square turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police. At least eight people died as a result of the violence that day. Despite a lack of evidence against them, eight radical labor activists were convicted in connection with the bombing.
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Was the first federation of labor unions in the United States. It was founded in Columbus, Ohio.
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Authorized the President of the United States to survey American Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians. Those who accepted allotments and lived separately from the tribe would be granted United States citizenship.
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It prohibits certain business activities that federal government regulators deem to be anti-competitive, and requires the federal government to investigate and pursue trusts.
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Was a period of social activism and political reform in the United States that flourished from the 1890s to the 1920s.
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Was an industrial lockout and strike. Culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents.
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Was the largest labor union of its time, and one of the first industrial unions in the United States.
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Was a nationwide railroad strike in the United States in the summer of 1894. It pitted the American Railway Union (ARU) against the Pullman Company
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Upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal."
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U.S. annexed Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines. Cuba became free.
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Conflict between the Spanish and the United States. Took place in Cuba and Puerto Rico, Phillipines and Guam. American Victory.
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Cubans rebelled against Spanish rule. The U.S. had business & strategic interests in Cuba. Yellow Journalists. The de Lome Letter. American ship USS Maine exploded outside Cuba.
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By secretary of state John Hay. Gave all nations equal trading rights in China. Called for fair competition. Goal was to end U.S./European competion. Urged foreigners to obey Chinese law.
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An agreement that resulted in the Spanish Empire's surrendering control of Cuba and ceding Puerto Rico, parts of the Spanish West Indies, the island of Guam, and the Philippines to the United States.
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By Chinese "Boxers." Goal was to remove foreign influence. It failed.
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U.S. asserted the right to intervene in Cuban affairs.
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U.S. asserted the right to intervene in Cuban affairs.
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TR added to the Monroe Doctrine. Reminded Europe not to interfere. Said U.S. would use force protect its interests in Latin.
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Period when many African Americans moved for the rural South to Northern cities. Were seeking jobs in Northern industries. Were fleeing poverty and discrimination of the South. Still faced problems
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Allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the United States Census.
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Direct election of United States Senators by popular vote.
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War erupted in Europe. Allies (Britain, France, Russia, etc.). Central Powers (Gemany, Austra-Hungary, etc.). Stalemate developed.
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TR encouraged Panama to break from Colombia. Panama succeeded. Panama gave the U.S. rights to build a canal. The U.S. finished the canal. It connected the Atlantic to the Pacific.
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Was authorized to issue cease and desist orders to large corporations to curb unfair trade practices.
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Attempts to prohibit certain actions that lead to anti-competitiveness.
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German submarine warfare, on U.S. ships bound for England. Ex: Lusitania. Zimmerman Telegram suggested German/Mexican alliance against th U.S. U.S. had close ties to Great Britain
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Explosion of black intellectual and cultural life. Ex: Langston Hughes was a black poet.
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WIlson' s 14 points were alson known as his peace plan. His goal was to eliminate the causes of war. Key ideas were Self-determination, Freedom of the sea, Mandate system, and The League of Nations.
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The 18th Amendment banned alcohol use.
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Peace conference at Versailles, France. The "Big Four" meet (U.S., France, Britain, Italy). France and Britain demanded the punihment of Germany, Wilson disagreed. Punishment of Germany, War Guilt Clause, Had to pay reparations, Couldn't have army.
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The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.
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Was a United States federal law that limited the annual number of immigrants who could be admitted from any country.
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Tenneesee teacher John Scopes was tried for teaching evolution. Trial sparked a national debate over evolution.
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Time of severe economic hardship in the United States.
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Believed in "pugged individualism". Called for more individual effect. Was against direct government aid to the needy. Favored limited government. DIdn't do much. Very unpopular
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The stock market crashed. Prices od stocks rose above their actual value, Overspeculation, and Buying on Margin.
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FDRS's programsto deal with the Depression. Types of programs (Relief, Recovery, Reform)
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Crushed Hoover. Promised a new deal. He rallied a frightend nation. Said "We have nothing to fear, but fear itself" Did weekly fireside chats on the radio. Helped boost morlale.
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Protected workers rights to form unions and engage in collective bargaining.
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Biggest New Deal Program. Provides safeguards for workers. Disability and Unemployment compensation. Old age pensions.
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A federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the United States and Canada from 1935 to 1955
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Set maximum work hours and minimum wages.
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Stalin and Hitler agree not to attack each other.
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Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Surprise Air Attack. Target: naval base. Crushed U.S.'s Pacific fleet. Thousands died. FDR said "date that will live in infamy"
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At FDR's request congress declares war. Germany joins Japan against U.S.
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The U.S. navy beat a larger Japanese force. Ended the threat to Hawaii.
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Supreme Court allowed internment. Recent government apology and payment.
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German couneteroffensive. The Allies soon recovered.
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Allies from West and Soviet Union from East over ran surrendered. Germany surrendered.
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Postwar trial of Nazis for war crimes in the Holocaust. Many convictions. Emphasized individual responsibility, regardless of orders. Led to increased calls for a Jewish homeland.
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A computerized system used to store and retrieve information and conduct transactions
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Were racial segregation laws enacted after the Reconstruction period in Southern United States.
