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First Protestant Christian missionary arrives in China from London Missionary Society
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Period: to
Daoguang Emperor expels missionaries for distributing Christian books
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Period: to
First Opium War, ending with the Treaty of Nanjing. Great Britain establishes a sphere of influence along the Yangtze River, annexes Hong Kong, and provides extraterritorial rights to all foreigners in China (they do not follow Chinese laws)
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Period: to
Western Christian missionaries flood into China and try to convert Chinese people to be Christians (Chinese are general Buddhist, Taoist, Confucian, or a mix of all three sets of beliefs).
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China signs the Treaty of Huangpu
with France, giving France a small sphere of influence -
Period: to
Taiping Rebellion against Qing Dynasty. Millions of Chinese Christians revolt against the Qing Dynasty, but the rebellion fails after 14 years of fighting. 30,000,000 Chinese people are dead because of the Taiping Rebellion.
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Period: to
Second Opium War;
during the Taiping Rebellion, Britain and France demanded to re-negotiate their treaties to increase the power of their spheres of influence. Because of the Taiping Rebellion, the Qing Dynasty is too weak to fight Britain and France, and gives in to harsher treaties with Britain and France. In return, Britain and France help to crush the Taiping Rebellion. -
Period: to
First Sino-Japanese War - Japan defeats China and annexes Korea and gains a sphere of influence in Eastern China.
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Period: to
Drought followed by flooding strikes Shandong, causing wide-spread misery
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Armed men kill two German Catholic Missionaries in northern China.
Germany’s Kaiser (King) Wilhelm II sends a fleet of ships to Shandong to establish a sphere of influence. -
Young men form the “Righteous and Harmonious Fist” group.
practicing shadow boxing (their nickname was “Boxers”), martial arts, and telling peasants they are bullet-proof, to get them to join. They spend the next year training recruits, burning churches, and killing Chinese Christians.