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Period: 1096 to 1291
Crusades are fought
religious and political wars over the holy land.First crusade (1096-1099),Fall of Jerusalem( June 1098),Second crusade(1147-1149),Third crusade(1187-1192),Fourth crusade fall of Constantinople,Final Crusade(1208-1271) -
Period: 1185 to
Era of the samurai
Samurais were soldiers in Japan for the emperor and noble clans. Their Japanese style armor and weapons and was the base bushido. They eventually took control and made the first samurai dominated government. Clans formed together making a hierarchy around the chief. Chief was a distant relative of the emperor and lower member of one of the three noble families Fujiwara, Minamoto, or Taiara. Each having 4 terms then decided if they want to stay or leave. Sons will eventually inherit clans. -
1347
Black Death Begins in Europe
Over 5 years the Black death killed 20 million people in europe a 1/3 of their population. Symptoms are swelled bumps called boils which blood and puss ooze out of. Followed by fevers,chills,diarrhea, terrible aches and pains. Then you die extremely contagious from tough or someone coughing on you. It traveled from ticks on rats to ship that traveled to trade. -
1400
renaissance begins
One of the biggest changes which formed the renaissance is how people thought and saw things more humanism.Start thinking about music,art,science.Took place in Florence Italy, Italy was divided into several city states.The government was republic. "Father of Humanism" was Francesco Petrarch a poet and philosopher. -
May 30, 1431
Joan Arc bured at the stake
King Charles of France didn't even attempt to save joan.Around 12- 13 yrs she saw vision which now some have diagnose as mental illness.Joan never actually fought or killed anyone in battle. In 1430 she was captured by the enemy. over 70 charges anywhere from sorcery to theft became 12.After she was burned her brothers posed as imposters of her claiming she escaped execution . -
1440
Johannes Gutenberg Printing Press
The first thing printed was the bible.Made from wood and metal made printing process money go down.Without the printing press there would be no renaissance.Before the printing press people would have to write by hand. Also before the printing press books were extremely valuable and either belonged to the church or other powerful institutions. Nobody knows what inspires Gutenberg to invest it considering he was a goldsmith. -
1453
100 yr war begins
1337- fought between England and France the war was off and on.The war started by King Edward the 3 of England claiming he was the rightful king of France. Edward didn't try to gain territory instead would attack deep in to France and burn crops, steal from cities and cause havoc. King Edwards son is the Black knight.The 100 yr war was actually 116 yrs.Historians sometimes separate this war in to Edwardian War (1337-1360), the Caroline War (1369-1389), then Lancastrian War (1415-1453). -
May 29, 1453
Fall of constantinople
The Ottoman empire conquered Constantinople capital of Byzantine empire.Their leader was a 21 year old named Sultan Mehmed II.This ended the 53 days of blockade that started April 6,1453.Was the end of Roman empire, furthering their quest of muslim across Europe.Many refugees went to western Europe helped make humanism. -
Nov 1, 1478
Start of the Spanish Inquisition
.Was to untied and make a strong nation fixing peoples religion belief. King Ferdinand and Isabella chose Catholicism in 1478 as religion for Spain.The inquisition is known for cruelty and torture thousands were burned at the stake. Reason being the church doesn't shed blood.Tomas de Torquemada was inquisitor general for 15 yrs started 1483. He was responsible for 2,000 Spaniards deaths. If the "criminal" admits their heresy released or sentenced prison.If not they were killed or life in prison. -
Period: 1492 to
Columbian Exchange
The columbian Exchange was trade between the New world and the Old world.The New world being America and the Old world is England and the entire western hemisphere. The New world sent potatoes,sweet potatoes,maize,tobacco etc. to the Old world. The Old shipped coffee beans,cattle, chickens, sugar, diseases. Not sure of the dates so put year columbus landed and the potato famine. -
Oct 12, 1492
Christopher Columbus Lands in the New World
Columbus sailed with 3 ships the nina pina and the santa maria.On August 3,1492 He saw the bahamas island and thought it was east Asia. Christopher was once arrested on an island he explored called Hispaniola When Columbus saw Cuba he thought it was China. His last voyage also known as his 4th voyage was on May 11,1502. While exploring southern Central America his ships were damaged by hurricane and termites. Him and his men were stranded on the Jamaica for 1 yr. -
Period: 1501 to
Slave trade
Slaves first brought to North America in Jamestown, Virginia 1619.Used to help with crops in cotton and tobacco. Growing demand for cotton in England slave became the base for America economy. Triangular trade was the trading of slaves from three different places; also called Transatlantic slave trade during the 1600's and 1900's. Leaving from England with,cloth,hardware, salt,or weapons to Africa. Africa shipped hundreds of slaves in , horrible conditions to America, they sent sugar, tobacco. -
1506
Mona Lisa Completed
Credited to Leonardo Di Vinci. The Mona Lisa is actually not signed or dated.Estimated he worked on it for 4 yrs.Was eventually sold to King of France for 4 thousand gold crowns.Nobody truly knows who the painting is of. Also many assumptions but nothing proven true about why Mona Lisa is smiling. Mona Lisa has no eyebrows in the painting. -
1508
Michelangelo begins painting the Sistine Chapel
1508-1512. Pope Julius 2nd hired michelangelo to paint the ceiling.Michelangelo medium was actually sculpting not painting. Raphael (painter) and Bramante(architect) his rivals wanted him to fail.The ceiling is based on some of the scenes from old testament.One of the most important scene was Adam and Eve being expelled from the garden. -
Period: Apr 21, 1509 to Jan 28, 1547
King Henry VIII reign
Henry was the 2nd son actually raised to enter the church(ironic). He spoke french,latin,spanish and greek.When he was 10 his older brother died from being ill and took the throne.1509 at 17 yrs old marry his brothers former wife Catherine of Aragon princess of spain. Expected many times only gave birth once and to a girl named Mary. So king Henry decided to get a divorce the pope refused. King henry fell in love with one of queen's ladies in waiting and secretly married Anne Boleyn 1533. -
1513
"The prince"
Written by Niccolo Machiavelli in 1513 but was published after his death in 1532. The prince is about how to acquire and stay in political power. Including things like kingdom is hard to rule but easy to take. That you need violence to take self-governed cause they will rebel if you don't; but don't be violent all the time then people hate you. Paying people to fight for you is trouble and useless. Strong army,people love you, you are undefeatable.Listen to ministers throw parties also. -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin luther post 95 theses
Originally written in Latin and was for the popes eyes only.The 95 theses is about excesses and corruption of the Roman Catholic church.Mainly about indulgences which is to "pay" off your sins.People tried to convince him toque writing he refused in 1521 Pope LeoX excommunicated him from the Catholic church. He still refuse to quit. Same year Holy Roman Emperor CharlesV of Germany issued edict of worms. Saying Martin was an outlaw and gave permission for anyone to kill him with out punishment. -
Aug 13, 1521
Cortez Conquers the Aztecs
Montezuma was in charge of the aztecs and thought cortez was an Aztec god.Cortez and his men fired shots at the natives. Which intimated the natives, cortez ransacked the city and captured Montezuma.Even though he captured native he used some to aid him.His interpreter helped him manipulate Montezuma and rule Tenochtitlan. -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Counter reformation
Also known as Catholic reformation. Roman catholic efforts against the prostestant reformation.Pope Paul 3rd 1st Pope on protestant reformation.Brought together council of trent.Index of Forbidden books published 583 titles.Made the Roman Inquisition also punishing people for religious crimes. -
Period: 1547 to
Ivan the Terrible’s Reign
In 1547 he was crowned tsar which basically means king Same year married Anastasia Romanovna.In 1549 he picked people to be advisers to help back up him up on reforms. He started self-government in rural regions, reformed taxes, and made a required law and church reform. His goal conquer all remaining independent area to centralize Russia. 1560 his wife dies he thinks she was poisoned. He demanded authority to punish criminals with exception and taking property. -
Sep 29, 1555
Peace of Augsburg
After the reformationWas a temporary agreement about the Holy Roman Empire and religious belief conflict.Each prince needed to decided whether they land would be Lutheran or Roman Catholic. People who were undecided were allowed to move.Emperor Charles V did it to control the religion feud. Catholic princes wanted lasting peace worried the conflict would never settle.Charles wouldn't allow religion division. -
Period: Nov 17, 1558 to
Queen Elizabeth's reign
Elizabeth took throne when her half sister died. She made England's religion Protestant,.Keep peace in England and she also ended the war with France.Was called Virgin queen because she refused to marry. She defeated the Spanish armada in 1588 weather being the final blow in England's victory. Her death may have been cause by her make up that made her look pale. -
Spanish Armada
The invisible armada was order to England by King Phillip II. After two years preparation and prolonged delays the armada is commanded by duke Medina Sidonia filled in for an admiral who died. Medina Sidonia actually had little naval experience. The fleet had 8,00 seamen and estimated 19,000 soldiers. Only 4o of the ships were battle ships rest transports and light craft. Their ships were slower and less armed. England ends up defeating the armada every time. -
Edict of Nantes
Henry the VI of France allowing Huguenots religious freedom.The 92 page document also allowed social and politcal equality. This document allowed them to worship privately in France, publicly in 200 towns, land of some protestant. They could own property and trade, attend any schools.Also be treated in hospitals the same like everyone else. The Edict of Nantes brought peace between the Huguenots and the Catholics. -
William Shakespeare's Death
Before he died he was actually back with his family retired. Shakespeare developed some type of illness that still remains unknown today.He died on his birthday at the age of 52 in Stratford-upon-Avon United Kingdom.His is buried in Holy Trinity church same place he was baptized. His memorial bust is him and a quill with the words "all that he hath writ" at the top. -
Petition of Rights
This document start up of the civil war done by English Parliment. Was for Charles I to read it was about forced loans, random arrest, imprisonment contra to Magna Carta. Along with random interference with property rights,outlaw habeas corpus. Forcing people to let soldiers stay at their house. It included establishing martial law and letting officials to slide from due process. -
King Charles the First Executed
Before he was executed Charles offend protestants by marrying Henrietta Maria a Catholic French princess. He also decided to be a absolute monarch with out parliament 1629. Charles appear for trail at high court and was convicted of treason. He was beheaded the next year.First monarch to be beheaded by their people. The monarchy was abolished and Oliver Cromwell reigned under the new English Commonwealth. -
Lord George Macartney Expelled
China was an isolated and restricted in foreign trade, but Englan want to change that.George was one of British attempt to trade with China and repair ships in their territory.He showed up at china with many gifts 90 wagons, 40 barrows, 200 horses etc. He refused to touch his forehead to the ground 9 times.So he fail in trading they sent him away,because of disrespect. -
Period: to
Opium war
Since China was mostly isolated Britain tried opening up trade using opium an addictive drug in India. Chinas government didn't like people becoming addicted it they decided to end trade in 1839.First they sent a letter to traders to end it when that didn't work they seized 20,000 chests from the British.British navy moved in defeat china's took control over trade post Canton reopening trade of opium.ended up china creating a treaty and paying 21 million in reburst and control over hong kong
