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Period: to
Reconstruction
Approximate dates. -
Thirteenth Amendment
Abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude. -
Fourteenth Amendment
Extends citizenship to African-Americans. -
Fifteenth Amendment
Extends suffrage to black men. -
Birth of Marcus Garvey
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Establishment of the NAACP
Notable members: W.E.B. DuBois, Ida B. Wells. Official name: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. -
Garvey founds the Universal Negro Improvement Association
Approximate date. Also known as: UNIA. This association was formed as a result of Garvey's experiences with racism worldwide. It had the goals of unifying and progressing the black race. It upheld the tradition of black nationalism. -
Birth of Malcolm X
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Death of Marcus Garvey
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Birth of Stokely Carmichael
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Establishment of the Congress of Racial Equality
Approximate date. Also known as: CORE. Founded by University of Chicago students that supported nonviolent civil disobedience as means to effect social change for blacks. Allowed black and white members. -
Period: to
Civil Rights Movement
Approximate dates. -
Establishment of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Also known as SCLC. Notable members: Martin Luther King, Jr. Emphasis on nonviolence as means to become fully integrated into the existing white society. -
Establishment of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Approximate date. Notable members: Stokely Carmichael. Founded by students from Greenboro, NC. Supported nonviolent civil disobedience, similar to the SCLC of Martin Luther King, Jr. -
Malcolm X's "Ballot or Bullet" Speech
Delivered in Cleveland, OH. Discusses the social situation of blacks in a critical year to the Civil Rights Movement. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Enacted to legally ban discrimination based on race, gender, or religion. Ended legal segregation of blacks and whites. -
Assassination of Malcolm X
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Voting Rights Act of 1965
Bans discriminatory acts that were aimed to prevent African-Americans from voting. Signed by Lyndon B. Johnson. -
Establishment of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense
Founded by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale. Were influenced by the teachings of Malcolm X. Opposed to white members. -
Period: to
Black Power Movement
Approximate dates. -
Stokely Carmichael's "Black Power" Speech
Delivered at UC Berkeley. Addresses his stance on black empowerment, hypocrisy of white liberals, and opposition to the Vietnam War. -
Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.
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Death of Stokely Carmichael