Black Nationalism & Black Power

Reconstruction

Period: Apr 9, 1865 to Dec 31, 1877

Approximate dates.

Thirteenth Amendment

Dec 18, 1865

Abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude.

Fourteenth Amendment

Jul 9, 1868

Extends citizenship to African-Americans.

Fifteenth Amendment

Feb 3, 1870

Extends suffrage to black men.

Birth of Marcus Garvey

Aug 17, 1887

Establishment of the NAACP

Feb 12, 1909

Notable members: W.E.B. DuBois, Ida B. Wells. Official name: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

Garvey founds the Universal Negro Improvement Association

Aug 1, 1914

Approximate date. Also known as: UNIA. This association was formed as a result of Garvey's experiences with racism worldwide. It had the goals of unifying and progressing the black race. It upheld the tradition of black nationalism.

Birth of Malcolm X

May 19, 1925

Death of Marcus Garvey

Jun 10, 1940

Birth of Stokely Carmichael

Jun 29, 1941

Establishment of the Congress of Racial Equality

Jan 1, 1942

Approximate date. Also known as: CORE. Founded by University of Chicago students that supported nonviolent civil disobedience as means to effect social change for blacks. Allowed black and white members.

Civil Rights Movement

Period: Jan 1, 1955 to Dec 31, 1968

Approximate dates.

Establishment of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Jan 10, 1957

Also known as SCLC. Notable members: Martin Luther King, Jr. Emphasis on nonviolence as means to become fully integrated into the existing white society.

Establishment of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

Apr 1, 1960

Approximate date. Notable members: Stokely Carmichael. Founded by students from Greenboro, NC. Supported nonviolent civil disobedience, similar to the SCLC of Martin Luther King, Jr.

Malcolm X's "Ballot or Bullet" Speech

Apr 3, 1964

Delivered in Cleveland, OH. Discusses the social situation of blacks in a critical year to the Civil Rights Movement.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Jul 2, 1964

Enacted to legally ban discrimination based on race, gender, or religion. Ended legal segregation of blacks and whites.

Assassination of Malcolm X

Feb 13, 1965

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Aug 6, 1965

Bans discriminatory acts that were aimed to prevent African-Americans from voting. Signed by Lyndon B. Johnson.

Establishment of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense

Oct 15, 1966

Founded by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale. Were influenced by the teachings of Malcolm X. Opposed to white members.

Black Power Movement

Period: Oct 15, 1966 to Dec 31, 1974

Approximate dates.

Stokely Carmichael's "Black Power" Speech

Oct 29, 1966

Delivered at UC Berkeley. Addresses his stance on black empowerment, hypocrisy of white liberals, and opposition to the Vietnam War.

Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.

Apr 4, 1968

Death of Stokely Carmichael

Nov 15, 1998