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West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
A family's children refused to give the salute and were expelled from school as a result. Their parents faced prosecution for contributing to juvenile criminality, Conclusion-By a vote of 6 to 3, the Supreme Court overturned its ruling in Minersville School District v. Gobitis and declared it unlawful to require students in public schools to salute the flag. The Court determined that the First Amendment cannot require unanimity of view on any subject and that national symbols like -
Mapp v. Ohio
the exclusionary rule, which prohibits prosecutors from utilizing evidence in court that was obtained by violating the Fourth Amendment to the US. Constitution, applies to both the federal government and the US. state governments, according to a landmark decision by the US. Supreme Court. The Fourth Amendment's provisions, which only apply to federal government operations,were integrated into the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause, which only applies to state actions by the Supreme Court. -
Gideon v. Wainwright
The police arrested Gideon and charged him with breaking and entering with intent to commit petty larceny. he was denied to represent himself with a council.This resulted in a big judgment by the Supreme Court, which held that states must provide legal representation for defendants who can't pay it under the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution. The case expanded the right to counsel,which had been determined under the Fifth and Sixth Amendments to impose requirements on the federal government. -
Engel v. Vitale
Schools in New York urged instructors to lead pupils in a secular prayer each morning in the 1950s. This school prayer was contested by a group of parents, including Steven Engel, on the grounds that it violated the First Amendment's establishment clause.
-the Supreme Court ruled that school-sponsored prayer in public schools violated the establishment clause of the First Amendment. -
NY Times v. Sullivan
The 1964 famous New York Times v. Sullivan case involving press freedom is the subject of this lecture. As long as the newspapers did not act with "actual malice," the Court decided that the First Amendment protects them even when they publish misleading statements. -
Griswold v. Connecticut
The Supreme Court struck down a Connecticut law that made it illegal to use birth control devices or to counsel others about using them in Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965). This significant case clarified the right to privacy that later served as the foundation for the Court's ruling on abortion in Roe v. Wade by drawing in part on penumbras from the First Amendment. -
Miranda v. Arizona
After a witness in Phoenix, Arizona, identified Ernesto Miranda, police detained him on allegations of rape and kidnapping on March 13,1963. Police didn't inform Miranda of his constitutional rights to an attorney or to refrain from incriminating himself during his two-hour interrogation. The Supreme Court decided on a 5-4 vote that an arrested person has the right to an attorney and protection against self-discrimination under the 5th and 6th Amendments of the US Constitution. -
Loving v. Virginia
In the 1967 Loving v. Virginia judgment, the US Supreme Court ruled that laws that restrict interracial marriage violate the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the US Constitution's Fourteenth Amendment. As part of the lawsuit, white Mildred Loving and her black husband Richard Loving were sentenced to one year in prison in 1958 for getting hitched. Their union violated Virginia's Racial Integrity Act of 1924, which prohibited marriages between "white" and "colored" people. -
Tinker v. Des Moines
Five students in Des Moines, Iowa, made the decision in 1965 to wear black armbands to school in opposition to American engagement in the Vietnam War and in support of the Christmas Truce that Senator Robert F. Kennedy had proposed. The United States Supreme Court made history in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, US, by defining the First Amendment rights of students attending public schools in the United States. Today's courts continue to use the Tinker test. -
Brandenburg v. Ohio
The seminal case Brandenburg v. Ohio, (1969), involved the Supreme Court of the United States interpreting the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Inflammatory speech is not punishable by the government, according to the Court, unless it is "focused at inciting or creating immediate unlawful action and is likely to inspire or generate such action." The Ohio criminal syndicalism Act was specifically overturned by the Court because it broadly barred the mere promotion question. -
Roe v. Wade
When "Jane Roe," who lived in Dallas County, Texas, filed a federal lawsuit against Henry Wade, the district attorney, the case got started. The Supreme Court rejected Roe's claim that there is an unalienable right to end a pregnancy in any method. On January 22, 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court held (7-2) that too tight state regulations of abortion are unconstitutional. -
NY Times v. U.S
United States (1971) The historic Supreme Court decision in New York Times Co. v. United States, (1971), which is also known as the "Pentagon Papers" case, defended the First Amendment right of free press against prior restraint by the government. -
Lemon v Kurtzman
Lemon v. Kurtzman was a case that the US Supreme Court debated. The court ruled 8-0 in favor of the Pennsylvania private Elementary and Secondary Education Act from 1968 and 8-1 in favor of the Rhode Island Salary Supplement Act from 1969, both of which were ruled illegal for breaching the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. The Superintendent of Public Schools was given the legal authority to pay the salaries of the teachers employed by these private elementary schools. -
Furman v. Georgia
When a relative caught Furman, he was breaking into a private residence. He made an effort to run away but stumbled and collapsed. He fired the gun he was carrying, killing one of the house's occupants. He was found guilty of murder and given the death punishment (Furman's case was determined with Jackson v. Georgia and Branch v. Texas). In these instances, the issue is whether the death penalty for rape and murder convictions is constitutional. -
Gregg v. Georgia
It confirmed the Supreme Court's support for the death punishment in the United States and upheld Troy Leon Gregg's death sentence in particular. A renowned academic refers to the case as the July 2 Cases, and it is also known as the lead case Gregg in other places. The Eighth Amendment's prohibition on "cruel and unusual punishments" was laid forth by the court, who also outlined the two key elements that capital sentence procedures must use to be constitutional. -
New Jersey v. TLO
The case included a public high school student who was stopped for smoking and then had her purse searched for contraband. The purse search turned up marijuana, and records of drug transactions. For the drug paraphernalia discovered during the search, she was charged as a minor. She protested the search, arguing that it was illegal under the Fourth Amendment. the Supreme Court determined that the Piscataway Township Schools' search was legal under the Fourth Amendment. -
Texas v. Johnson
Gregory Lee Johnson burned an American flag in 1984 as a form of protest against Reagan administration policies. A Texas law that forbids flag desecration was the basis of Johnsons trial and conviction. He received a one-year prison term and a $2,000 fine. The case was brought before the Supreme Court after the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals overturned the conviction. By a vote of 5to4, the Supreme Court determined that Johnson's burning of a flag was protected speech under the First Amendment. -
Employment Division v. Smith
In Employment Division, Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. Smith (1990), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the state might refuse to provide unemployment benefits to someone who was fired for using peyote in violation of a state law, even though doing so was a religious ritual. States may permit actions that would otherwise be criminal to be carried out for religious reasons, but this is not a requirement. -
Church of Lukumi Babalu v. Hialeah
In this case, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the first amendment prohibited a Hialeah, Florida ordinance that forbade the "unnecessary" killing of "an animal in a public or private ritual or ceremonial not for the primary purpose of food consumption." -
Morse v. Fredrick
The Supreme Court concluded in Morse v. Frederick (2007), often known as the "Bong Hits for Jesus" case, that it is not a violation of the First Amendment right to free expression for public school administrators to ban student speech that they reasonably believe promotes the use of illegal drugs. -
DC v. Heller
In Heller v. District of Columbia, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit was upheld on June 26, 2008, by a vote of 5 to 4. According to the Supreme Court, handguns qualify as "arms" for the purposes of the Second Amendment, the Regulations Act constitutes an unconstitutional ban, and the section of the Regulations Act that mandates that all firearms, including rifles and shotguns, be kept "unloaded and disassembled or bound by a trigger lock, is unconstitutional. -
McDonald v. Chicago
After the Supreme Court's decision in the case of District of Columbia v. Heller, numerous lawsuits were brought against the Illinois cities of Chicago and Oak Park to challenge their gun laws. The Supreme Court ruled in that case that a handgun ban in the District of Columbia was unconstitutional under the Second Amendment. In that case, the court argued that the Second Amendment applied since the relevant law was passed by the federal government with its consent. -
Snyder v. Phelps
According to Fred Phelps and the Westboro Baptist Church, God will punish the United States for tolerating homosexuality, especially in the military. Phelps and his followers frequently picket at military funerals to express their opinions. The First Amendment forbade the imposition of legal liability upon a church and its members who picketed the funeral of a murdered Marine, the U.S. Supreme Court held 8-1. -
Obergefell v. Hodges
The Supreme Court confirmed the validity of the 14 same-sex couples' interstate weddings after they filed a lawsuit. It was decided that legislation prohibiting same-sex marriage violated the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment. -
Mahaney Area School district v. B.L.
a public message that hat hatred upon the schools sports and cheerleading team that caused outrage among students, parents, and faculty. the Court explained that a school may have regulatory interests when off-campus communication concerns bullying, harassment, and online learning, rejecting the Third Circuit's approach that limited a public school's regulatory powers established in Tinker to on-campus speech. According to the US Supreme Court, Mahanoy was protected by the First Amendment.