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Serna v. Portales
The Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals found that Spanish surnamed students’ achievement levels were below those
of their Anglo counterparts. Portales Municipal Schools were therefore ordered to implement a
bilingual/bicultural curriculum, revise methods to assess achievement, and hire bilingual school personnel. -
Lau v. Nichols
Supreme court ruled that identical education does not constitute equal education under title VI of the civil rights act of 1964. Required school districs to provide education programs trough which limited-proficient student can aquire the englidh language skills necessary.
provided student not fluent in english to not suffer an education or academic deficients.Ensure that the program – based on legitimate theory and properly implemented – results in students
overcoming language barriers. -
The Equal Educational Opportunities Act states:
No state shall deny equal educational opportunity to an individual on account of his or her race, color, sex or
national origin by … failure of an educational agency to take appropriate action to overcome language barriers
that impede equal participation by its students in its instructional programs.” -
Ríos v. Reed
The case was argued under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act and the EEOA. Puerto Rican parents brought suit claiming that many so-called bilingual education programs were notspanish sl but based mainly on ESL. The federal court found the district's bilingual programs to be woefully inadequate, pointing to the lack of trained bilingual teachers and the absence of a clearly defined curriculum, clear entrance and exit criteria, and firm guidelines about how much instruction should be in spanish. -
Castañeda v. Pickard
plaintiff claimed that that the RISD distric was discriminating language therefore court took action and Called for the “Castañeda” test, it judges educational services
on three criteria: whether the program is based on sound educational theory, whether it is implemented effectively
with the appropriate resources, and whether the results can be determined as fulfilling the goal of overcoming the
student’s language barrier. -
Plyler v. Doe (1982)
This Supreme Court decision determined, under the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution,
that all children, regardless of their immigrant status, have the right to a free public school education in the
district in which they live. -
United States v. State of Texas
The case required State Educational Agencies to set guidelines regarding services provided to limited-Englishproficient
students and ensure that those guidelines are monitored and enforced. -
Gomez v. Illinois State Board of Education
It ensured that that language-minority students' educational needs are met. -
Flores v. Arizona and Williams v. California
these case demonstrates that even when courts issue decisions with specific mandates, changes do not happen immediately and are often resisted by political figures who disagree with the decision. all subsequent cases over inadequacies in school funding have had to be argued under state constitutions. -
Idaho vs. Migrant Council
Established the legal responsibility of the State Department of Education to monitor implementation of programs for LEP students.