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400 BCE
Democritus's First Theory
Democritus hypothesis the first implied rules and principles for chemistry and named matter atoms from the greek word atmos. -
Period: 400 BCE to
"Beyond The God Particle" Timeline
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Microscopes Discovered
Hans Janssen and his son discovered that with two lenses- one lens placed at each end of a tube- small object could be made to appear greatly magnified. This was the first compound microscopes. -
Atoms revolutionized
The atom was revolutionized as the properties of individual atoms and those of the smaller particles the atoms contain came into view. -
Democritus Theorys
Democritus's theories were understood, confirmed, reshaped and finally revealed publicly. -
Superconductivty First Observed
Superconductivity was observed as the method for perfect superconductors which have zero resistance to the flow of an electrical current. -
Basic framework for atoms
By the end of the 1920's, the basic logical framework of the new properties of the atom, which define all of chemistry and everyday matter, had been constructed. -
Cyclotrons
Ernest Lawerence invented the Cyclotron in 1932. The idea of a cyclotron is to accelerate charged particles but to hold them in a circular spiral motion with a constant magnetic field. For example, we can inject particles into the center of a circular machine with a perpendicular magnetic field. We give the particles a kick of energy each time they make a rotation allowing them to spiral outwards into a circular orbit with a larger radius. -
Weak Interactions Quatom theory
Enrico Fermi's first description of weak interaction in quantum theory. Weak forces were backstage, the feebles forces seen at work in the nuclear process such as beta decay. It was understood later on that they are critical to the burning of the sun and provide the gunpowder of nature's largest explosion since the big band, the supernova. Supernova make the heavy elemental found in the universe and especially here on Earth. Without the weak in nature, we wouldn't be here. -
Synchrotron
The first Synchrotron was invented in 1945 for electrons by Edwin McMillian, The first Proton version was invented in 1952 by Sir Marcus Oliphant. These are the commonly used devices for particle accelerators of modern-day. -
Post war 1950s New particle Accelerators
Particle Accelerators were the world's most powerful microscopes and they began to unravel new layers of matter. -
Cern
Cern was founded in 1952 by 11 countries and signed an agreement to establishing a provisional council to assist and encourage the formation of regional research laboratories in order to increase international scientific collaboration. The site chosen for Cern is Genova. -
Parity
Parity was discovered experimentally not to be a symmetry when the weak force is involved. Lederman and colleagues in 1957 demonstrated that parity was violated both in weak interaction decay of the pions and of the moun itself. -
Superconductivity imported into Particle physics
In the early 1960s Goldstone, Jona-Lasinio, Nambu, and others imported Supconductivity into particle physics. "The masses of elementary particles, at least the strongly interacting ones, the proton, and the neutron, were beginning to look like a dynamical phenomenon, something that had to do with the vacuum of space itself. -
Multiwire proportional chamber
Multiwire proportional chamber was invented by Georges Charpak and earned him a Nobel prize. The system automatically performed the task of particle detection at rates that are thousands of times greater than previously existing detectors. -
Main Ring
The worlds first large accelerator was the main ring made in 1969 and shutdown 1977 and upgraded into the Tevatron in 1986 -
Stanard Model
1970s theoretical physicists put together the standard model from a century of research. Its greatest achievement was it united two of the known forces in nature into one unified entity, Weak interactions and electromagnetism. -
Intersecting storage rings
The world's first proton-proton collider called the intersecting storage rings was built and came into operation at CERN in 1971. The proton-proton collider produced the worlds first head--on proton-proton collision. -
Tevatron
Tevatron was the world's highest-energy particle collider at Fermilab till the LHC was created by CERN. Tevatron was known for discovering the top quark made the most precise measurement of the W-boson mass, Improved Z-boson measurements and got hints of Cp-violation in B-Quarks -
Large Electron-Positron Collider
Large Electron-Positron Collider was built in 1989 and shut down in 2000 to make was for the Large Hadron Collider. It was a circular synchrotron collider with a circumference of 27 kilometers and reached the peak energy collision of 209 GeV -
Large Hadron Collider Goes Live The First Time
Large Hadron Collider goes live for the first time in 2008 only to be shut down due to a massive cataclysmic explosion ripped through the tunnel. The electrical circuit feeding one magnet to an adjacent one had inexplicably opened. -
Higgs Boson Discovered
Higgs Boson discovered at CERN by the Large Hadron Collider
