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Period: to
Between the wars-- Italy
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Blackshirts
Blackshirts
Group of Fascist paramilitary that were also known as the National Security Volunteer Militia. Mussolini used them as his military tool for political movements, such as the March on Rome. -
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The Elections
Elections of 1919
Socialist Party won 1/3 of all the votes, and the Catholic Popular Party won 1/5 of all the votes. The results of the election led to encouraging more socialist strikes, some of which were started by the General Federation of Labor. -
General Strike
General Strike
Over 600,000 workers took over factories and gained control of towns in Northern Italy. -
Treaty of Rapallo
Treaty of Rapallo
Treaty between Italy and Yugoslavia, in which the city of Fiume became a free city under the League of Nations, and Italy gained some land and spheres of influence in Dalmatia. -
Second General Strike
Second General Strike
Communists and Socialists declared an ill-prepared general strike, of which was stopped easily by fascists and government troops. -
March On Rome
March on Rome
Bennito Mussolini’s National Fascist Party marched to Rome at the hopes of ruling Italy, and King Victor Emmanuel III gave the kingdom to Mussolini when he arrived. -
Corfu Incident
Corfu Incident
Enrico Tellini, the chairman of the commission that was watching the boundaries between Greece and Albania was murdered along with a few of his assistants on Greek land. Italy sent an ultimatum demanding 50 million lire in reparations, and the execution of the assailants. Greece failed to locate the assassins and so Italy invaded Corfu searching for them, but failed and killed 15 civillians. -
The Aventine Secession
The Aventine Secession
When the Italian Socialist Party left the Chamber of Deputies after the murder of Giacomo Matteotti, who spoke out against the use of force by Mussolini’s fascists during the first meeting of the new Parliament. -
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Battle of Wheat
Battle of Wheat
Mussolini decided that Italy needed to become self-sufficient and that a higher production of wheat would achieve that goal. By 1935, they had achieved a reduction of imports by 75 percent, so close to self sufficiency, which was the farmer’s motivation in this battle. -
Law on Association
Law on Association
Outlawed all political opposition, and created a secret police force to arrest political opponents. -
Labor Charter
Labor Charter
A charter that expressed the ideas of the Fascist Corporate State. They claimed to bring in both employees and employers into one confederation. Employees were not allowed to go on strike and employers couldn’t lockout the workers. -
Lateran Treaty
Lateran Treaty
Treaty between Italy and the Holy See in which three agreements were made. First, full sovereignty of the Holy See in the Vatican City was established. Second, a concordat was created to regulate the Catholic Church and religion in Italy. Third, a financial convention agreed on as a definitive settlement of the claims of the Holy See following the losses of its territories and property. -
The Walwal Incident
Walwal Incident
A garrison of Somalis under Italian control got into a skirmish with Ethiopian armed forces at Walwal. The reasons for the start of the skirmish are sketchy, but nevertheless the incident had occurred. -
Rome-Berlin Axis
Rome-Berlin Axis
A Coalition formed between Italy and Germany by Italy’s foreign minister Galeazzo Ciano. Later became the Axis powers when Japan joined the coalition. -
Assembly of Corporations
Assembly of Corporations
The Grand Council of Fascism abolished the Parliament and then replaced it with the Assembly of Corporations, which consisted of 22 representatives of industrial and private corporations.
