-
Turning His Back
To avoid being arrested for evading military service in Austria-Hungary, Adolf Hitler left Vienna for Munich in May 1913 but was forced to return–then he failed the physical. -
Assination
Archduke Franz Ferdinand heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and his wife are assassinated in Sarajevo. -
Battle of the Frontiers
27,000 French soldiers die on this single day in an offensive thrust to the east of Paris, towards the German borders. -
Battle Of Tenneberg
Germany achieves its greatest war victor led by Erich Ludendorff and Paul von Hindenburg. -
Battle of Dogger Bank
Battle of Dogger Bank between squadrons of the British Grand Fleet and the German Hochseeflotte. -
Period: to
Second Battle of Ypres
The Second Battle of Ypres, which ends in a stalemate. Germany first uses the poison gas. -
End Of WWI
Under the terms of the armistice, the German Army was allowed to remain intact and was not forced to admit defeat by surrendering. U.S. General John J. Pershing had misgivings about this, saying it would be better to have the German generals admit defeat so there could be no doubt. The French and British were convinced however that Germany would not be a threat again. -
Period: to
Between The Wars.
-
Period: to
No Participation From Germany
No Participation From GermanyThe negotiations revealed a split between the French, who wanted to dismember Germany to make it impossible for it to renew war with France, and the British and Americans, who did not want to create pretexts for a new war. -
German Workers
Hitler was very frustrated about Germany's defeat in WWI, he is an armny veteran. -
Great Depression
Brought a new opportunity for the Nazis to solidify their power. Hitler and his followers set about reorganizing the party as a fanatical mass movement. -
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of VersaillesThis treaty ended WWI, It is the main cause of WWII. Leading factor into WWI. -
Germanies Reparations
Little participation from Germany, Germany agrees to pay reparations under the Dawes Plan and the Young Plan. -
Part 1 No Germany
Part IThis created the Covenant of the New League of Nations, which did not include Germany until 1926. -
Part 2 Germans Pay!
Part IIGermany has to give up boundaries, gave Eupen-Malm to Belgium. Alsace back to France, substanial eastern districts back to Poland, Memel to Lithuania, and large portions of Schleswig to Denmark. -
Separation
Separated the Saar from Germany for fifteen years. -
No Colonies For Germany
Stripped Germany of all its colonies. -
Reduction
Reduced Germany's armed forces to very low levelsand prohibtited Germany from possessing certain classes of weapons. -
Liabiltiy
established Germany’s liability for reparations without stating a specific figure and began with Article 231, in which Germany accepted the responsibility of itself and its allies for the losses and damages of the Allies “as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies. -
Obligations
Imposed numerous other financial obligations upon Germany. -
1920s
Through the 1920s, Hitler gave speech after speech in which he stated that unemployment, rampant inflation, hunger and economic stagnation in postwar Germany would continue until there was a total revolution in German life. -
Official End Of WWI
Germany withdrew from the League, as did Japan, Italy, Spain, and others. The onset of the Second World War showed that the League had failed its primary purpose, which was to prevent any future world war. -
Senate
The United States Senate fails to ratify the Treaty of Versailles and U.S. involvement in the League of Nations. -
Period: to
New Leader
Germany violated many disarmament provisions of Part V during the 1920s. -
Treaty Of Rapallo
Treaty of Rapallo between Germany and Bolshevik Russia to normalize diplomatic relations. -
Treaty Of Lausanne
Treaty of Lausanne between the Allies and Turkey, successor State to the Ottoman Empire. It supersedes the Treaty of Sèvres. It officially settled the conflict that had originally existed between the Ottoman Empire and the Allied British Empire, French Republic, Kingdom of Italy, Empire of Japan, Kingdom of Greece, and the Kingdom of Romania since the onset of World War I. -
Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch
On November 8, 1923, SA troops under the direction of Hermann Göring surrounded the place. At 8:30 p.m. Hitler and his storm troopers burst into the beer hall causing instant panic. -
Sedition
Adolf Hitler imprisoned for sedition against the Weimar Republic; writes Mein Kampf. -
Period: to
Dawes and Young
Germany in 1924 and 1929 agreed to pay reparations under the Dawes Plan and the Young Plan. -
Mein Kampf
In his book, Hitler divides humans into categories based on physical appearance, establishing higher and lower orders, or types of humans. At the top, according to Hitler, is the Germanic man with his fair skin, blond hair and blue eyes. Hitler refers to this type of person as an Aryan. He asserts the Aryan is the supreme form of human, or master race. -
League of Nations
Germany admitted to League of Nations. -
Great Depression
In 1929, Germany entered a period of severe economic depression and widespread unemployment. The Nazis capitalized on the situation by criticizing the ruling government and began to win elections. -
2nd Largest Political Party
Germans elect Nazis making them the 2nd largest political party in Germany. -
Period: to
Cancelled Due To Depression
Reparations were cancelled because the depression in 1932 -
The German Reichstag Burns
The Reichstag building, seat of the German government, burns after being set on fire by Nazis. This enabled Adolf Hitler to seize power under the pretext of protecting the nation from threats to its security. -
Period: to
Coming To Power
Once Hitler had come to power in 1933, German military preparations were made for these wars. The emphasis in the short term was on weapons for the war against the western powers, and for the long term, on the weapons for war against the United States. -
Period: to
German Chancellor
In January 1933, Hitler was appointed German chancellor and his Nazi government soon came to control every aspect of German life. -
Period: to
Military Foreign Policy
He railed against the treaty’s redrawn map of Europe and argued it denied Germany, Europe’s most populous state, “living space” for its growing population. -
Period: to
League Of Nations
He withdrew Germany from the League of Nations in 1933, rebuilt German armed forces beyond what was permitted by the Treaty of Versailles, reoccupied the German Rhineland in 1936, annexed Austria in 1938 and invaded Czechoslovakia in 1939. When Nazi Germany moved toward Poland, Great Britain and France countered further aggression by guaranteeing Polish security. Nevertheless, Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, and Great Britain and France declared war on Germany. Six years of Nazi Par -
Holocaust
His establishment of concentration camps to inter Jews and other groups he believed to be a threat to Aryan supremacy resulted in the death of more than 6 million people in the Holocaust. -
Period: to
SYSTEMATIC MURDER OF EUROPEAN JEWS
By late 1938, Jews were banned from most public places in Germany. During the war, the Nazis’ anti-Jewish campaigns increased in scale and ferocity. In the invasion and occupation of Poland, German troops shot thousands of Polish Jews, confined many to ghettoes where they starved to death and began sending others to death camps in various parts of Poland, where they were either killed immediately or forced into slave labor. In 1941, when Germany invaded the Soviet Union, Nazi death squads machin -
Period: to
Nazi Party
National Socialist German Workers’ Party, or Nazi Party, grew into a mass movement and ruled Germany through totalitarian means from 1933 to 1945. -
Hitler
After World War I, he rose to power in the National Socialist German Workers Party, taking control of the German government in 1933. -
Hitler Becomes Fuhrer
Reich Chancellor Hitler planned to use President Hindenburg's death as an opportunity to seize total power in Germany by elevating himself to the position of Führer, or absolute leader, of the German nation and its people. -
Period: to
Denounced
Hitler denounces the treaty altogether in 1935. -
The Nuremberg Race Laws
The Nuremberg Race Laws of 1935 deprived German Jews of their rights of citizenship, giving them the status of "subjects" in Hitler's Reich. The laws also made it forbidden for Jews to marry or have sexual relations with Aryans or to employ young Aryan women as household help. -
Olympic games begin in Berlin
Owens specialized in the sprints and the long jump and was recognized in his lifetime as perhaps the greatest and most famous athlete in track and field history. The Jesse Owens Award is USA Track and Field's highest accolade for the year's best track and field athlete. Owens was ranked by ESPN as the sixth greatest North American athlete of the twentieth century and the highest-ranked in his sport. -
Hossbach Conference
On November 5, 1937, Adolf Hitler held a secret conference in the Reich Chancellery during which he revealed his plans for the acquisition of Lebensraum, or living space, for the German people at the expense of other nations in Europe. Hitler began by swearing the men to secrecy, then told them that in the event of his death the following exposition should be regarded as his last will and testament. -
Anschluss
Adolf Hitler, Führer of Germany, accepts salutes and cheers from the Nazi controlled Reichstag after announcing the Anschluss union with Austria. Immediately after the Anschluss, Nazis began a brutal crackdown on Austrian Jews, arresting them and publicly humiliating them. -
Period: to
USSR
In 1938, Hitler implemented his plans for world domination with the annexation of Austria, and in 1939 Germany seized all of Czechoslovakia. Hitler’s invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, finally led to war with Germany and France. -
War With Czechoslovakia
In 1938 Hitler drew back from war over Czechoslovakia at the last minute but came to look upon agreeing to a peaceful settlement at Munich as his worst mistake. -
Reichstag Speech
The international Jewish financiers in and outside Europe should succeed in plunging the nations once more into a World War, then the result will not be the Bolshevizing of the earth, and thus the victory of Jewry, but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe! -
Period: to
Full Force Ahead
Hitler had originally hoped to attack in the west in the late fall of 1939, but bad weather–which would have hindered full use of the air force–and differences among the military led to postponement until the spring of 1940. -
Hitler!!
From March 1937 through March 1939, Hitler overturned the territorial provisions of the treaty with respect to Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Memel, with at least the tacit consent of the western powers. -
Period: to
Raging Of Hitler
His attack on Poland in 1939 started World War II, and by 1941 Germany occupied much of Europe and North Africa. The tide of the war turned following an invasion of Russian and the U.S. entry into battle, and Hitler killed himself shortly before Germany’s defeat. -
Period: to
Fight To Dominate Europe
Germany launched a massive blitzkrieg invasion of the Soviet Union. In the brutal fighting that followed, Nazi troops tried to realize the long-held goal of crushing the world’s major communist power. After the United States entered the war in 1941, Germany found itself fighting in North Africa, Italy, France, the Balkans and in a counterattacking Soviet Union. At the beginning of the war, Hitler and his Nazi Party were fighting to dominate Europe; five years later they were fighting to exist. -
WWII
Second World War begins. -
Attacking Poland
On September 1, 1939, he attacked Poland to alter that frontier, as well. -
Initiating War
He was determined to have war and initiated it on September 1, 1939. To facilitate the quick conquest of Poland and break any blockade, he aligned Germany with the Soviet Union, assuming that concessions made to that country would be easily reclaimed when Germany turned east. -
Seizing Norway
Urged on by Admiral Erich Raeder, he decided to seize Norway to facilitate the navy’s access to the North Atlantic and did so in April 1940. -
USA&Soviet Union
On July 11, the resumption of construction of the navy to defeat the United States was ordered; by July 31, after first hoping to invade the Soviet Union in the fall of 1940, Hitler, on the advice of his military staff, decided to attack in the east in the late spring of 1941. -
Germans Bomb Paris
British soldiers captured by the Germans at Dunkirk, France, in June 1940. -
Nazis March
A French man weeps as the Nazis march into Paris, June 14, 1940, beginning a four-year occupation of the 'City of Lights.' -
U-boats
German U-boats attack merchant ships in the Atlantic -
German Blitz Against Britain Begins
The first mass air raid on London, September 7 , 1940, showing the scene in London's dock area as Tower Bridge stands out against a background of smoke and fires. -
German Attack On Tobruk
The Siege of Tobruk lasted for 241 days in 1941, after Axis forces advanced through Cyrenaica from El Agheila in Operation Sonnenblume against the British Western Desert Force (WDF) in Libya, during the Western Desert Campaign (1940–1943) of the Second World War. -
German's Invasion
The German invasion of the Soviet Union, begun on June 22, 1941, seemed at first to work as planned but quickly ran into trouble. The initial blows, which were supposed to bring the Soviet Union crashing down in a few weeks, did not have that effect. -
Operation Barbarossa
German soldiers battle the Russians after the start of Operation Barbarossa, the Nazi invasion of Soviet Russia. -
Nazi SS
German soldiers, along with members of the Waffen-SS and the Reich Labor Service look on as a man with SS-Einsatzgruppe D prepares to shoot a Ukrainian Jew kneeling before a mass grave. On Right: Detail of this photo shows a young member of the Reich Labor Service, a product of the Hitler Youth system, casually watching. -
Period: to
Operation Typhoon begins (German advance on Moscow).
Germans take Odessa, Kharkov, Sevastopol, British aircraft carrier Ark Royal is sunk off by Gibraltar by a U-boat. They also take Rostov, Soviet retak Rostov. German attack on Moscow is abandoned. -
Germany Declares War
The German Government, consequently, discontinues diplomatic relations with the United States of America and declares that under these circumstances brought about by President Roosevelt, Germany too, as from today, considers herself as being in a state of war with the United States of America. -
Period: to
Hitler Striking
For the 1942 offensive in the east, Hitler and his military leaders agreed on striking in the south; this project ended in disaster at Stalingrad. A new major offensive in 1943 not only ended in defeat at Kursk but also was followed by the first successful Red Army summer offensive. -
Period: to
Battle Of Stalingrad
Stopped the German advance into the Soviet Union and marked the turning of the tide of war in favor of the Allies. The Battle of Stalingrad was one of the bloodiest battles in history, with combined military and civilian casualties of nearly 2 million. -
Battle Of The Bulge
Adolph Hitler attempted to split the Allied armies in northwest Europe by means of a surprise blitzkrieg thrust through the Ardennes to Antwerp. The Battle of the Bulge was the costliest action ever fought by the U.S. Army, which suffered over 100,000 casualties. -
Outlawed
In 1933, he became chancellor of Germany and his Nazi government soon assumed dictatorial powers. After Germany’s defeat in World War II (1939-45), the Nazi Party was outlawed and many of its top officials were convicted of war crimes related to the murder of some 6 million European Jews during the Nazis’ reign. -
Germans
The division of Germany and the Cold War enabled them generously to rebuild the western zones and to integrate them into a western alliance without renewing fears of German aggression. -
Period: to
Denazification
After the war, the Allies occupied Germany, outlawed the Nazi Party and worked to purge its influence from every aspect of German life.
