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Period: to
age of the steamboat
-american economic stability & influenced everyday life for over a century with transportation & trade
-the steamboat made it easier for products & people to get to one place to another in a timely fashion -
morse code
-developed in 1844 by samuel morse
-use of the telegraph was quickly accepted by people eager for a faster & easier way of sending & receiving information -
homestead act
-the purpose of this act was to have more settlements in the west
-they offered free land (160 acres) for staying there for five years
-people bought the land for $1.25 per acre -
Period: to
cattle drive era
-from texas to the mid west in Nebraska
-cattle drives were sent to chicago, they slaughtered them to make beef for chicago -
transcontinental railroad
-the entire nation was joined with 1,776 miles of track
-countries were able to work together easier due to decreased travel time
-the transcontinental railroad meant that the frontier could be extended with a greater movement of population
-the railroads made a wider variety of goods possible for people to obtain. so sellers were able to find new markets & people who lived on the frontier were able to get goods that were previously unavailable -
Period: to
the knights of labor
-the knights of labor began as a labor union
-knights strongly supported the Chinese exclusion act of 1882
-a lot of strikes struck out, more than 200,000 workers were on strike, a bomb exploded at a workers rally, including over thousand strikes including the great southwest railroad strike -
john D. rockfeller
he incorporated standard oil in 1870. He built his first oil refinery near Cleveland
-by 1882 he controlled some of 90% of U.S refineries & pipelines, this was considered a monopoly -
Period: to
tammany hall & boss tweed
-was organized by dishonest politicians, who had two main goals; take control of the city & get the groups own candidate elected
-tammany hall offered help to the city's new Irish immigrants, in return for votes -
bessemer steel process
-the removal of impurities from iron
-the bessemer process revolutionized steel production, decreasing cost
-the process made steel 10x stronger than iron
-RR went further, buildings grew higher due to low cost of steel -
the exclusionary act
-first law that restricted immigration into the U.S
-the act provided an absolute 10 year ban on Chinese labor immigration
-the act made Chinese immigrants permanent aliens by excluding them from U.S citizenship -
haymarket square riot
-a confrontation between police & labor protesters in Chicago
-this has been associated with may day or international workers day
-riot created wide spread hysteria against immigrants
-riot had a lasting effect with the labor movement in the U.S
-the riot was caused by protest of police brutality toward the people of labor unions -
hull house
-jane adams & ellen gates Starr founded hull house
-initiated programs to address poor working conditions, & a host of other pressing problems
-located in a large house in Chicago
-turned their attention to national issues
-help immigrants assimilate into America
-passed due to public protest
-right to vote(women) -
homestead strike
-unfair treatment & demands for employee
-the strike was against Andrew carnegie & frick
-pinkertion guards & the strikers fought & nine striker died & seven guards died
-the sheriff asked the governor to send help, he sent 3,000 militia men
-the union was broken up, the owners won -
andrew carnegie
-made Carnegie steel in 1892
-took control of the steel industry
-sold steel company to J.P morgan
-wrote the gospel of wealth -
pullman strike
-factory wages at the company fell about 25% but the rents george pullman charged did not decrease
-3,000 pullman workers went on a wildcat strike that is without authorization
-june 29, 50,000 men quit their jobs
-federal troops this enraged strikers, & rioters began stopping trains, smashing switches, & began setting fire to anything that would burn
-pullman strike was important because it was the first time a federal injunction had ever been used to break up a strike -
Period: to
ellis island
-ellis island arrived to NY in December
-the eastern european & european the doctors were checking the immigrants for conditions such as physical disability, mental retardation & shortness of breath.If they had any of those conditions they would be deported back to their home country -
Period: to
angel island
-held hundreds of thousands of immigrants,mainly from china & japan
-arriving they had to go through medical exams where they were they tested for various diseases, they were assigned dormitory's where they were detained til interrogation process, expressing fear & frustration.
-they had to be U.S citizens, & had to answer questions about their family history
-those family's that didn't pass the questioning would be in jeopardy of deportation -
Americanization day
-first Americanization day was known as loyalty day
-was launched in response to nearly two decades of increasing immigration
-Americans had a sore spot because of the influx of immigrants from southern Europe -
Period: to
great migration
-push factor, racial tension, violence, poverty, lynching of blacks led to not enough money or work to survive
-pull factor, job opportunities, community for blacks, development of ethnic neighborhoods
-they moved to NY & chiraq -
new immigration
-in 1924 congress passed a discriminatory immigration law that restricted the immigration
-immigrants come to america for better living, jobs, religous freedom, america restricted immigrants if they were sick or not smart enough, new immigrants usually lived in Chicago,NY,Boston