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Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Early Beginnings
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3900 BCE
Disease’s Caused by?
Evil spirits -
3600 BCE
Treatments
Prayer, bloodletting, amputation -
3100 BCE
Medicine used today
Digitalis for heart
Quinine for digestion
Morphine for pain -
Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Ancient Times
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2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
Health Records- the earliest people to keep health records.
Who are physicians? The Priest
How did they heal? Bloodletting, medicines, and leaches. -
1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
Development of acupuncture- used stone tools -
900 BCE
Ancient Greeks
Illness cause Nature vs. spiritual- observe the illnesses to determine nature vs spiritual.
Dissection- did not allow dissection
Hippocrates- the father of medicine -
100
Ancient Romans
Sanitation Systems- clean water
Organize medical care- the first to organize, sent medical equipment with army’s to cure wounded soldiers.
Hospital Development- public buildings -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark Age
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500
Stopped the study of medicine, why?
They had no interest in how the body functioned. -
700
How do they treat disease?
Vaccines and medications -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Age
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1100
Epidemics
Caused millions to death -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
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1450
Rebirth?
Universities- for research
Dissection- body of study
Books- greater access to knowledge -
Period: 1501 to
16th and 17th centuries
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1515
Leonardo da Vinci
Studied and recorded the anatomy of the body. -
1550
Gabrielle Fallopius
Discovered fallopian tubes of female anatomy. -
1563
Bartolommeo Eustachio
Discovered the tube form ear to throat. -
William Harvey
Used his knowledge to understand physiology. -
Antonio von Leeuwenhoek
Invented the microscope -
Apothecaries
Early pharmacy’s -
Period: to
18th Century
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Benjamin Franklin
Discovered bifocals and that colds are contagious. -
Medical students learning
Students observed patients at bedside, if patient died the student would examine the body and discover disseases. -
Joseph Priestley
Discovered the element oxygen. -
Edward Jenner
Discover a method of vaccination for small pox. -
Rene Laennec
Invented the stethoscope -
Period: to
19th and 20th Century
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Florence Nightingale
Created a school of nursing. She also gained experience in helping in hospitals. -
Ignaz Semmelweis
Discovered child fever, large number of woman who have died giving birth. -
Louis Pasteur
Known as the “father of microbiology”, discovered that tiny microorganisms were everywhere. He also proved that they also caused disease. -
Dmitri Ivnovski
Discovered that many diseases are caused by microorganisms that cannot be seen by a microscope. (Called viruses) -
Joseph Lister
Learned about Pasteurs discovery that microorganisms causes infection. He used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs preventing infection. -
Ernst Von Bergman
He developed a method to keep an area sanitized before surgery. -
Robert Koch
Discovered many disease causing organisms. The learner to prevent and isolated diseases. And also mastered sanitation. -
Paul Ehrlich
Discovered the effect of medicine on microorganisms. His treatment was not effective on killing bacteria. -
Wilhelm Roentgen
Discovered x rays, he took the very first x ray of his wife’s hand. Helped doctors discover what was wrong with paitents. -
Anesthesia
Before this they would use crustal methods like coaching the patient to knock them out or just simply using herbs but this lead to many deaths. Once they discovered the drug for anesthesia the patient was able the go into a deep sleep and feel little to no pain. -
Sir Alexander Fleming
Found that penicillin killed life threatening bacteria. -
Sigmund Freud
Discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind. -
Gerhard Domagk
Discovered the first medication effective to bacteria. Killed deadly diseases. -
Jonas Salk
Dicoverd a virus that paralyzed people. Dicoverd that a dead polio virus would cause immunity. -
Albert Sabin
Used a live polio virus vaccines. -
Francis Crick and James Watson
Dicoverd the molecular structure of dna. Set the stage for rapid advances. -
Christian Bernard
Preformed the first successful heart transplant. -
Ben Carson
Surgeries on the brain to stop seizures. And separate Siamese twins. -
Period: to
21st Century
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3D bio printing
Has become a practical way to treat chronic wonds and diabetic ulcers. -
Covid Vaccines
Used to cure a new contagious cold disease -
A pill for postpartum depression
Pill the help someone feel happier in hopes to cure depression. -
Birth control
Opill used for birth control and easiest to get. -
Gene therapy
Still in the clinical trial phase but in hopes to help cancer and hemophilia.