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400 BCE
Democritus
Atoms are “uncuttable.”, Atoms are small, hard particles.Atoms constantly move. -
John Dalton
All substances are made of atoms.Atoms of different elements are different.Atoms of the same element are exactly alike.Elements combine in specific proportions.He conducted experiments in combining elements. -
J.J. Thomson
He conducted the cathode-ray tube experiment. His theory of the atomic structure lead to the “plum-pudding” model. There are small, negatively charged particles inside an atom. -
Ernest Rutherford
Atoms contain mostly empty space.Electrons move in empty space in the atom. There is a small, dense, positively charged nucleus -
Niels Bohr
Electrons jump between levels from path to path. Electrons travel in definite paths. -
Erwin Schrӧdinger and Werner Heisenberg
Electron paths cannot be predicted. Electrons are found in electron clouds, not paths.