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428 BCE
Plato
Introduced that ideal geometric forms serve as atoms. -
400 BCE
Democritus
All bodies are made up of individual small atoms. -
330 BCE
Solar system model
When electrons went from an outer orbit to an inner orbit, the color of the light was dependent on the energies of the orbits. -
500
The Alchemists
They believed that there were 7 base elements -
Robert Boyle
Demonstrated that matter is made up of tiny particles. -
Antone Lavosoisier
The total mass of products and reactants in a chemical reaction is always the same. -
Billiard ball model
The Billiard Ball model is a model of the atom proposed by John Dalton. -
John Dalton
Proposed all matter is made up of indestructible atoms. He also calculated the first relative weights of the atom. -
Amedeo Avogadro
Stated that equal volumes of gases at equal temperature and pressure contain the same number of particles. -
Dmitri Mendeleev
Discovery of the periodic law, which states that when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic weight the table displays a recurring pattern of properties within groups of elements. -
Pierre and Marie Curie
Discovered radioactivity. -
JJ Thomson
Proposed the plum pudding model. -
Plum pudding model
that electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles and that atoms have no net electric charge. The plum pudding model has electrons surrounded by a volume of positive charge, like negatively charged "plums" embedded in a positively charged "pudding". -
Albert Einstein
Mathematically proved the existence of atoms and their random, ceaseless motion -
Robert Millikan
Accurate demonstration of the charge carried by an electron. -
Ernest Rutherford
Proposed the nuclear model of the atom based on his gold foil experiment. -
Neils Bohr
Showed the atom was a small positively charged nucleus surrounded by orbiting neutrons. -
Henry G.J. Mosely
Demonstrated that the major properties of elements are determined by the atomic number of their weight. -
Electron cloud model
Theory of quantum mechanics that describes the location of electrons as a cloud around the nucleus of an atom. -
James Chadwich
Proved existence of neutrons.