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100
Democritus
(The date is 400 B.C.) Democritus came up with the idea that matter wasn't infinitely divisible.
-Matter is made up of empty space in which atoms move.
-They are solid, homogeneous, can't be destroyed, and indivisible.
-There are different sizes and shapes for different atoms.
-Changes in matter are from atoms changing the groups and not from changing the atoms themselves. -
100
Aristotle
(The date is 390 B.C.)
-Rejected the atomic theory because he didn't agree with it in terms of nature.
-Influential philosopher.
-Didn't beleive that there was "nothing" in empty space.
-VIDEO (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PzCppXOY8V4)
-Beleived atoms moved through empty space. -
Antonie Lavosier
-Named the elements of Hydrogen and Oxygen.
-Helped develop the metric system. -
John Dalton
-Revised Democritus's ideas.
-All matter is made up of small particles that are called atoms.
-Atoms with a given element are the same with their size, mass, and chemical properties.
-Atoms aren't able to be created, split apart, or destroyed.
-VIDEO (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFF-2wyyTKc)
-In chemical reactions, atoms are either seperated, brought together, or put in a different order. -
Joseph Proust
-Stated that a substance has the same make up where or however it was made.
-The same substance in different elements can have the same element and ratio. This is known as the Law of Definite Proportions. -
Amandeo Avagadro
-Proposed that the same temperature and pressure, equals volume of gases and they contain the same number of molecules or atoms.
-Not accepted until fifty years later. -
Cement
Joseph Aspdin created a formula for cement that would change the way things were built. -
Typewriter
-W.A. Burt invented the typewriter which allowed writers to create writing much quicker. -
Braille
Louis Braille invented a type of raised letter for the blind called Braille. -
Antiseptics
Ignaz Semmelweis invented antiseptics which would help in cleanliness. -
Dynamite
Alfred Nobel was the first person to invent dynamite, this would be used in mining. -
Telephone
-Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone which allowed people to speak across distance. -
Moving Pictures
-Eadweard Muybridge invented moving pictures. It was the earliest form of modern day movies. -
William Crookes
-Discovered the cathode ray by accident.
-This discovery led to the invention of the television.
-Cathode rays are a stream of charged particles. -
Coca-Cola
-John Pemberton invented Coca-Cola. -
J.J. Thomson
-Determined the charge-to-mass ratio of charged partlcles.
-Charged particle was less than a hydrogen atom.
-There are particles smaller than an atom.
-Identified the first electron.
-Proposed a model called the plum pudding model. -
Zipper
W.L. Judson invented the zipper, that would be used for generations. -
Henri Becquerel
-Studied X-rays and photographic film and discovered some chemicals decompose and give off penetrating rays.
-VIDEO (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkfu3K5RjMI) -
Madame Curie
-Named the spontaneous decay process of uranium and thorium to be radioactive. -
Max Planck
-Founder of the Quantum Theory.
-Explained hot glowing matter with his theory. -
Air Conditioner
Willis Carrier invented the air conditioner. -
Albert Einstein
-Came up with the famous equation E=mc 2.
-Published theory on special relativity and it stated that matter can be converted into energy.
-VIDEO (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrUBPO6zZ40) -
Robert Millikan
-Determined the charge of an electron.
-A single electron carries a charge of 1-.
-Calculated the mass of a single electron -
Ernest Rutherford
-Studied how positively charged alpha particles interated with solid matter.
-Established that the nucleus was dense and small and positively charged
-VIDEO (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=45TGJRBFLNc) -
Henry Moseley
-Determined the charges of the nuclei of most atoms. -
Niels Bohr
-Made an explanation of atomic structure that regulates the periodic table of elements.
-His model built up orbital shells of electrons. -
Louis deBroglie
-Proposed that electrons have a wave/particle similarity.
-de Broglie equation predicts that all moving particles have wave characteristics. -
Erwin Schrodinger
-Furthered the wave-particle theory.
-Made an equation that treated the hydrogen atom's eleccton as a wave.
-Wave mechanical model of the atom is referred to as the quantum mechanical model of the atom. -
Werner Heisenberg
-It is impossible to meaure something without disturbing the object.
-Heisenberg uncertainty principle states it is fundamentally impossible to know exactly the velocity and position of a particle at the same exact time. -
James Chadwick
-Showed that the nucleus contained a neutral partlcle called the neutron.
