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Lev Vygotsky
Learning is cognitive development shaped by individual differences and the influence of culture -
John Dewey
Learning is individual growth that come about tthrough social experiences -
Period: to
Technologic based Theories and how Technology has Evolved
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First Computer used for Intruction
Computer Driven Flight Simulator trains MIT pilots -
Period: to
Pre-Microcomputer Era
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First Computer used with School Children
IBM 650 computer teaches binary Arithmetic in NYC -
University Time-Sharing Systems 1960-1970
Faculty/Students in universities across the country use mainframe systems for programming and shared utilities. -
Jean Piaget
Learning is cognitive growht through neurological and social maturation -
Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) movement emerges
Large-scale, ferderally funded university projects use mainframe/minicomputer systems with schools -
Mainframe and minicomputer applications dominate field
Schools begin using computers for instruction and administration CDC president William Norris (1977) announces PLATO will revolutionize instruction -
First Microcomputers enter Schools
Using desktop systems, classroom teachers begin to take back control of instructional and administrative applications from district data-processing offices -
Period: to
Microcomputer Era
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CAI movement declines; computer literacy movement begins
Arthur Luehrmann coins term computer literacy for skills in programming and using software tools (aka word processing) Molnar (1978) warns that non-computer literate students will be educationally disadvantaged -
First Microcomputer application spawns movements
Field focuses on software publishing initiatives and teacher authoring software. The computer literacy computers-as-tools approach gives way to Logo's computer-based, problem-solving approach -
Jerome Bruner
Learning is cognitive growth through interaction with the environment -
Integrated Learning Systems (ILSs) emerge
Schools begin to see ILS networked systems as cost-effective solutions for instruction to address required standards; marks movement away from stand-alone systems and toward central server with connected computers -
Period: to
Internet Era
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World Wide Web (WWW) is born
First Browser (Mosaic) transforms a formerly text-based Internet into a combination of text and graphics. Teachers enter the "Information Super-Highway" -
International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) creates standards
ISTE sponsors creation of National Educational Technology Standards (NETS) to guide technology skills, first for students, then for teachers and administrators -
Google is Founded
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Howard Gardner
Learning is shaped by innate intelligences -
Internet use Explodes
Online and distance learning increases in higher education then in K-12 schools -
International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) updates
issues new, updated standards for teachers, students, and administrators
