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4000 BCE
Primitive Time (Average lifespan 32 years)
- distinguished between ordinary conditions and illnesses caused by spirits and evil forces that required the special services of a medicine man or witch doctor -The primitive patient and healer were psychologically prepared for the effectiveness of magic
- sickness was the projection of an evil force into a person by magic -manipulated to make the victim sicken or die -ancient superstitions are still with us in voodoo and the symbolic burning of someone in effigy -had both good and bad spirits
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2600 BCE
Ancient Egyptians (average life span was 32 if passed childhood)
-some of the beliefs of the Egyptians were based on myths and legend
-knowledge was also based on an increasing knowledge of the human anatomy and plain commonsense
- Ancient Egyptian medical knowledge comes from the discoveries of papyrus documents
-Ancient Egyptians were discovering things about how the human body worked and they knew that the heart, pulse rates, blood and air were important to the workings of the human body
- A heart that beat feebly told doctors that the patient had problems -
800 BCE
Ancient Greeks (Average lifespan was 70 years old)
-Hippocrates, known as the "Father of Modern Medicine", established a medical school at Cos
- documented numerous illnesses in the Hippocratic Corpus
-developed the Hippocratic Oath for physicians, which is still in use today
-focused medical practice on the natural approach and treatment of diseases
-Mental care and art therapy interventions were in accordance with the first classification of mental disorders -
753 BCE
Ancient Romans (35 years was the Average lifespan)
-combined various techniques using different tools, methodology, and ingredients
-Roman medicine was highly influenced by Greek medicine
-practiced medicine and recorded their discoveries in the Roman Empire
-there was many medical advances in the Roman military
-Romans establishes a medical corpus -
186 BCE
Ancient Chinese (average lifespan was 20 yrs)
-discovered medicinal herbs when collecting food. During the period of clan commune
-used acupuncture
-invention of hot compresses and moxibustion
-practice of medicine was very much intermixed with witchcraft to cure illness.
-Chinese used the The Recipes for Fifty-Two Ailments
-they believed you get sick when the yin and yang of your body are out of balance. Lifestyle choices like bad food, not exercising, stress, and your environment can knock you out of balance -
476
Middles ages (average lifespan was 35)
-The concept of a hospital was developed during the Middle ages
-The first pharmacies were made
-Based medicine off "knowing the materia medica simples in their various species, types and shapes"
-Eyeglasses were first understood in the Middle Ages
-medieval physicians were conducting experiments and examining the anatomy of the human body and started anatomy and dissection -
500
The Dark Ages (average lifespan was 31.5 years)
-Being sick was much more common back then, for one thing, so people accepted and dealt with ill people on a daily basis
-Religion and other spiritual practices were prominent in medical care
-mysteries of the body were being studied in the monasteries
- Public debates were also encouraged about medical issues
-much of the medicine used in the dark ages is not understood today -
1300
Renaissance (Average lifespan was 38 years old)
-medicine was largely built off theories
-Once a disease entered the body, all parts which are healthy must fight it
-they believed nature attacked the disease with whatever help she can muster
-the medical situation improved as physicians gradually threw out superstition and alchemy
-developed cures and improved surgical procedures. -
16th and 17th centuries (Average lifespan was 42 years)
-medicine was still handicapped by wrong ideas about the human body
-Most doctors still thought that there were four fluids (or "humors") in the body: blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile
-a more scientific approach to medicine emerged and some doctors began to question
-physicians followed the practises of indigenous natives and discovered that malaria could be cured with bark from the cinchona tree
-many treatments provided would be based on superstition and personal dogma -
18th, 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries (average lifespan 78 years)
-HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is identified.
-First vaccine for hepatitis A is made
-First vaccine for lyme disease is created
-First draft of human genome is announced; the finalized version is released three years later.
-Scientists discover how to use human skin cells to create embryonic stem cells
