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22 Million Immigrants come to America
The massive amount of immigration includes children and people that see education in America as an importnat way to move up in their class. -
School and Society
John Dewey attacks the current method of educaiton involving children needing to adhere to decorum and rote learning. He is known as a progressive reformer. -
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As American As Public School: 1900-1950
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50% Children are in School at an average of 5 years of educaiton
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Schools in bad shape
School buildings were run down and dirty, students were very sick most of the time. Schools were generally neglected. -
William A. Wirt & The Gary Plan
Wirt makes a progressive plan that provides for top of the line facilities, and plans curriculum around students. Students are always in movement between work, studen and play. Looks at all students having talent and having physical and social needs as well. -
Gary Plan in NY schools
John Mitchell put the Gary plan into 31 NY public schools, while many saw the plan as the schools preparing children for factories.
This plan was cancled by the next NYC mayor.
Curriculum in school was taught in English only to Americanize immigrants, and the christian faith was celebrated in the public schools. -
High School Graduation Rate is 17%
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Expanded Education System
Education system expanded to include Kindergarten and Junior High in some systems IQ Test were used to manage growing number of students, spot leaders, and understand individual ability levels -
Elwood P. Cubberley & Career Tracking
Education as a means of job procurement. Abandoning the democratization of education
predetermined the outcomes of the workforce through career tracking. Could include household arts, industrial arts, and commercial programs -
Ban of Child Labor
CHildren must attend school up to at least age 16 -
Bias of Test
SAT and IQ test deemed culturally biased.
2 of 3 Mexican Americans labeled as slow learners.
Testing and career tracking remain controversial -
Seperate but Not Equal
Durring 1900-1950 differentiated curriculum rienforces class, gender and race biases. Students tracked based on their gender and race. -
HIgh School Graduation Rate 45%
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Life Adjustment and Arthur Bestor
The Life Adjustment approach aimed to make school more relevant to teenagers. Curriculum focuses on life skills needed for daily living. Arthur Bester did not like the approch and campaigned to return to academics.
Progressive Education at this time is under attack for being un-American
This movement is ended when President Eisenhower introduced The Defense of Education Act of 1958
