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Books (1920's Literature)
The best muckraking articles were usually collected and published as best selling books -
Magazines (1920's Literature)
Irish Immigrant Samuel Sidney McClure founded McClure's Magazine and it became a major success of muckraking success and articles. -
Religious Fundamentalism
A religious movement, with the motives of returning to the foundations of faith and influence state policy. -
Scientific Modernism
Began to discount supernatural sources of Christian faith and belittled literal interpretations of Biblical passages. -
Business Doctrine Involving Republican Rule (1920's Politics)
The death of Roosevelt led to the return of Conservative Republicans which emphasized limited government regulation to stabilize businesses. The idea was that the nation would benefit if business and profits took lead in developing economy. -
18th Amendment
The amendment that prohibited the sale and production of alcohol. -
Palmer Raid
Due to the Red Scare, a series of raids led by the U.S. Attorney General was to deport anarchists and radicals from America. -
Farm Problems (1920's Economy)
Farmers who borrowed land during WW1 to expand their land were in debt, so they used chemical fertilizers and gasoline tractors in attempt to increase production, however, it only increased the debts due to surplus goods. -
Republican Control (1920's Politics)
Three Republican Presidents were elected during the 1920's thus causing business to boom and farmers and unions to struggle. -
Presidency of Warren Harding (1920's Politics)
He appointed able men to his cabinet but were soon criticized for corruption due to a cabinet member accepting bribes for oil leases. Harding approved reduction to income tax and increase in tariff rates under Tariff Act of 1922, and established the Bureau of Budget to place expenses in one budget. -
Mass Production (1920's Economy)
The assembly line created by Ford gained worker productivity which helped the economy grow. -
Gender Roles, Family, and Education (1920's Culture)`
Women were given the right to vote but used it in favor for the men. Technologies eased the homemaker duties but they did not eliminate it. A revolt against the classic morals was from the flappers. -
Religion (1920's Culture)
New ways to define faith were established, but protestants condemned modernists and told them the bible must be interpreted literally. Radio spread these new religious ideas rapidly. -
The Literature of Alienation (1920's Culture)
Writers of postwar decade were known as the lost generation and industrial design/functionalism influenced architects and painters. -
The Lost Generation (1920's Literature)
Ernest Hemingway made this term popular. They were any men who had been through WW1 and were now in their midtwenties to thirties. Many died and others were too old to learn trades. -
F. Scott Fitzgerald (1920's Literature)
American author of short stories and novels. Wrote about the Jazz Age and was a member of the "lost generation". -
T.S. Eliot (1920's Literature)
Poet, dramatist, literary critic, editor, modernist, and American by birth however British from 1927 on. Created seven plays and won the Nobel prize in literature in 1948. -
Louis Armstrong (1920's African American Identity)
Jazz musician originating from the Harlem Renaissance who argued for a "New Negro" who had equality. -
Langston Hughes (1920's African American Identity)
Poet of Harlem Renaissance who wrote the struggles of blacks and their discrimination and segregation along with a pride in black identity and he was also a social activist who advocated black rights. -
Marcus Garvey (1920's African American Identity)
Political leader from Harlem, originally Jamaican, advocated racial pride and founded the United Negro Improvement Association to promote resettlement of blacks in their homelands. -
Harlem Renaissance (1920's African American Identity)
Harlem was largest African American community which led to the development of a cultural center for all black talent and promoted a sense of unity and assimilation. -
Labor Problems (1920's Economy)
Membership in unions declined due to open shop which was nonunion workers were only employed and welfare capitalism which was offering benefits and high wages to remove unions. -
United Negro Improvement Association (1920's African American Identity)
Founded by Marcus Garvey to promote resettlement of American blacks in African homeland. Sponsored store and businesses to make more money, but efforts failed financially and ended up helping inspire blacks to gain self-confidence and self-reliance. -
Economic Development in Postwar Recession (1920's Economy)
America was concentrated on economic growth and social change. Business prospered even though there was economic disaster after the recession. Standards of living improved and income increased even though most families still had their incomes in the poverty range. -
Increased Consumption (1920's Economy)
The increased use of oil and electricity was used for power factories and automobiles. The government supported the growth of business and did not enforce the anti-trust laws that were created prior to the 1920's. This increased energy consumption thus driving out economy up. -
Presidency of Calvin Coolidge
He had the motto of "the business of America is business". Believed business should conduct its own affairs although he closely watched the budget. Also vetoed bonuses for WW1 veterans and the bill to help farmers with falling crop prices. -
Hoover, Smith, and the Election of 1928 (1920's Politics)
Coolidge declined to run for presidency so Hoover was chosen and promised to extend "Coolidge Prosperity." -
Consumerism (1920's Culture)
Appliances and automobiles became affordable allowing for advertising and the allotment of credit. This production of automobiles impacted families lives and replaced railroads as key economic growth. -
Stock Market Crash
Created overproduction, which was producing more goods than what was being purchased, unemployment, debt from people not being able to pay back loans, speculations, bank loans losing money, and farm prices dropped because of other countries production. -
Okies
Name of those who left the Dust Bowl in search for a better life, but was unable to find work in the West. -
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
Large tax proposed by Congress but backfired on the United State's Economy. -
Dust Bowl
Natural disaster where Midwest dust from millions of dry land was blown into the air and carried as far as Boston drawing many farmers out of their homes. -
Jazz Age and The Harlem Renaissance (1920's Culture)
The Jazz Age was a symbol of new and modern culture brought by African Americans while the Harlem Renaissance was the largest black community focused actors, artists, musicians, etc. United Negro Improvement Association brought by Marcus Garvey for racial pride and nationalism. -
The Three "R's" (New Deal Programs)
Roosevelt's New Deal program served as a way to relieve people from out of work, recovery for businesses and the economy, and the reform of economic institutions. -
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
One of Hoover's policies to help depression which gave 1.5 billion in loans to railroads, mortgage companies, and banks. -
Trickle Down Economics
Hoover's economic policy that helped the rich and not the common folk. Hopes that giving money to rich will trickle down in the form of jobs and salaries for the people. -
Industrial Relief Programs (New Deal Programs)
The key program of FDR's New Deal was the establishment of the National Recovery Administration (NRA) , which provided long term and immediate relief, but was later declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1935. -
Financial Recovery Plans (New Deal Programs)
As for the financial part of the New Deal, FDR enacted four programs to help fix the banks. Federal Deposit Insurance Company (insurance deposits of up to $5000), Home Owners Loan Corporation (prevents foreclosures on small homes), Emergency Bank Relief Act (authorized the government to examine finances of banks during holidays), and the Farm Credit Administration (provides low interest farm loans and mortgages to prevent foreclosure) -
Repeal of Prohibition (New Deal Programs)
FDR made a campaign promise to repeal prohibition and raise more tax money for Congress by passing the Beer-Wine Revenue tax which legalized the sale of beer and wine. The 21st amendment was passed to repeal the 18th. -
Programs for the Unemployed (New Deal Programs)
During the Hundred Days, the Federal Emergency Relief Administration which offered federal grants to states for soup kitchens, the Public Works Administration which gave money to states for building roads and such to employ people, and the Civilian Conservation Corps which employed young men on federal land projects, helped aid unemployed workers. -
21st Amendment
Ended the prohibition of alcohol by repealing the 18th Amendment. -
The Securities and Exchange Commission (New Deal Programs)
The SEC was created to regulate the stock market and make strict limits on kinds of speculative practices that aided in the market crash of 1929 -
The Civil Works Administration (New Deal Programs)
The CWA was added to the PAW and many other new deal programs as a way to create jobs by hiring laborers for temporary construction jobs. -
Rural Electrification Administration (New Deal Programs)
The REA provided loans for electrical cooperatives so they could supply power to rural areas. -
National Labor Relations Act / Wagner Act (New Deal Programs)
The Wagner Act guarantees workers rights to join a union and unions have the right to bargain collectively. -
Resettlement Administration (RA)
Provided loans to sharecroppers, small farmers, and tenants. Also established federal camps for migrant workers. -
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
The WPA spent billions of dollars to help provide jobs for people from 1935 to 1940. -
Social Security Act (New Deal Programs)
Created as a federal insurance program that automatically collects tax money from employees and employers during their work careers and then will be given back monthly to employee at the age of 65. -
Federal Taxes (New Deal Programs)
A revenue act was enacted and as a result, it significantly increased taxes on the income of the wealthy few, capital gains and large gifts. -
Bracero Program
An agreement with Mexico that brought many Mexican agricultural workers across the border to harvest fruit and grain crops.
