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1493
First Spanish colony
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1502
Encomiendas system
A system of Slavery/feudalism in South America. Hierarchy of Peninsulares -> Creoles -> mezzos/mulattoes -> Africans/natives -
Richard Hakluyt
Argues for England to settle the new world for economic reasons: unproductive in England can contribute to the economy -
First English colony
Roanoke was the first attempt for an English colony in North America. It disappeared without a trace. -
Jamestown created
AKA Chesapeake society
“The starving time”
80% Child mortality rate <5 years old
Of 104 immigrants, only 38 survived
cannibalism
failed food shipments
PROBLEM: Lack of leadership -
John Smith
Becomes leader for Jamestown, establishes order and relegates tasks to turn Jamestown into a survivable colony -
John Rolfe
Grew tobacco, made Jamestown economically viable and very profitable -
Virginia House of Burgesses
First house of elected officials in British N.A.
Power checked by Royal Governor
Landowners only can vote -
Mayflower compact
Religious and Secular elements
wanted a fair system for puritans -
Plymouth colony
founded by pilgrims
Initially dependent on natives -
John Winthrop
"City on a Hill" speech, Plymouth colony will set a good example for future colonies and society around the world -
Roger Williams founds Rhode Island
Better relationship with natives
Denies civil authority on religion -> threat to puritan
More political freedom, any man can vote -
Pequot war
English puritans burn down pequot village, marks a transition point between natives having power and Englishmen -
Anne Hutchinson founds Connecticut
Fought patriarchy
Antinomianism = direct relationship with God; does not need to obey law because the truly saved do not need to
not needing to obey law = threat to puritan -
King Phillips war
Sparked by English ignoring treaties with the natives, King Phillip rallied many tribes against the English and gave them a fright, but the English eventually won -
Bacon's Rebellion
Causes:
Unfair taxes
0 elections
Wealth gap
Unfair elections (poll tax)
Uneven distribution of wealth
Effects:
Rich gentry treat poor landowners more kindly
Commonality between poor and rich = white
Slavery = more popular, can’t exploit poor farmers -
William Penn founds Pennsylvania
founded Pennsylvania
Quaker state
religious tolerance
good treatment of the natives