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Period: 1200 to 1492
Great Basin Settlements
Located on top of parts of Utah, Nevada, Arizona, California -
Period: 1200 to 1492
Mississippi Valley Settlements
The communities that were near the Mississippi River. Many are in this group, like the Choctaw, Ojibwe, Natchez, and more. This region's biggest Native American settlement was Cahokia in Missouri -
Period: 1200 to 1492
Northeast Settlements
Communities in New England. Wampanaog tribe was here. -
Period: 1200 to 1492
Southwest Settlements
A collection of settlements in the Southwest region of the United States, like the Pueblo -
Period: 1200 to 1492
Great Plains Settlements
Communities in the Great Plains of North America that included the Sioux and other tribes -
Period: 1200 to 1492
Pacific Northwest Settlements
Tribes in the Pacific Northwest region of North
America near Oregon, like the Haida -
Period: 1200 to 1492
Atlantic Seaboard Settlements
Tribes that were along the Eastern part of the United States and East Coast, like the Seminole and the Cherokee -
Period: 1500 to
Middle Passage
A leg of the triangular trade that carried slaves from the west coast of Africa to the Caribbean or the colonies -
Period: 1500 to
Columbian Exchange
A process of globalization that moved goods, disease, and ideas between Europe and the Americas -
Period: 1500 to
Mercantilism
An economic ideal that dominated the world while it lasted that held that maximizing exports and minimizing imports was best -
Period: 1500 to
Triangular Trade
A trade route system in the Atlantic Ocean that focused mainly on the trade of enslaved people -
Period: 1503 to 1542
Encomienda System
Enforced labor system that the Spanish colonists enforced upon Native Americans in South America -
Period: 1518 to
Asiento System
Establishment made by the Spanish crown that allowed merchants to bring slaves to South America -
Period: to
The Enlightment
European intellectual movement that changes ideas about God, humans, and reason -
Period: to
Indentured Servitude
Form of labor in which a person works for a sponsor that paid off their voyage overseas for a certain number of years -
Jamestown
The first permanent British settlement in what is now the Modern United States -
Mayflower Compact
The first governing document/body that English colonist had ever used -
Period: to
Great Puritan Migration
A period of time where many Puritans escaped to the colonial region in America to get away from Britain -
Massachusetts Bay
Massachusetts Bay Colony was one of the most powerful colonies of the thirteen colonies, especially with Boston port -
Rhode Island: Roger Williams
A colony that Roger Williams founded after being banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for having radical religious views -
Period: to
Metacom's War
War between Native Americans and British colonists where the Natives tried to drive out the colonists -
Period: to
Bacon's Rebellion
A rebellion of angry farmers where these farmers fought against colonial authority as well as the nearby Natives -
Pueblo Revolt
A temporarily successful rebellion against the Spanish by the Natives for the harsh treatment enforced by the labor systems placed upon them -
Pennsylvania
Colony established by William Penn as a haven for oppressed people, especially Quakers -
Period: to
Slave Laws
A series of laws on how enslaved people are to be treated, getting worse over time -
Period: to
First Great Awakening
A large religious revival in the American colonies which saw a large reconversion of colonists back toward religion -
Zenger Case
A case in which the idea of freedom of the press was first defended in legal issues -
Period: to
French and Indian War
A proxy war of the Seven Years' War that pitted the English colonists against the French colonists and Native American allies -
Period: to
Republican Motherhood
Idea that mothers were to educate their sons on the ideals of liberty and freedom to make for a prosperous country, allowing more education for women -
Pontiac's Rebellion
Fight of the Native Americans against the British and the colonists, which temporarily gave Natives reprieve through Britain's reconsideration of treatment of Native Americans -
Proclamation Act of 1763
British decree that drew a line on the Appalachian mountains and was a line that the American colonists could not cross -
Stamp Act
Act that required colonists to pay for a tax that was represented by a stamp on paper goods -
Boston Massacre
Event in which British soldiers fired at American colonists after they had been harassed -
Boston Tea Party
A case of civil disobedience in which Massachusetts colonists dressed up as Native Americans before dumping many boxes of tea from Britain into the Boston harbor -
Coercive Acts
A series of acts passed by Britain that punished the Massachusetts colonists for dumping tea into the Boston harbor -
Olive Branch Petition
A last attempt by the Americans to extend peace talks to the British king under the context that a full-blown war was to break out -
Common Sense
A book written by Thomas Paine that discussed the issue with Britain in words that the common Americans could understand, being the spark that ignited the forest of revolution -
Lexington and Concord
First major military event that marked the beginnings of the American Revolution -
Declaration of Independence
The legal document that declared America's independence from Britain -
Battle of Saratoga
The turning point in the American Revolution, this battle convinced the French to assist the Americans -
Period: to
Articles of Confederation
Governing document of the United States that favored the states' power over any kind of federal government -
Treaty of Paris
The treaty that ended the American Revolution and in which Britain formally recognized America's sovereignty -
Period: to
Shays's Rebellion
A rebellion that was caused by poor farmers and soldiers being in debt due to the Revolutionary War and being unable to pay back their debts due to hyper inflation -
Northwest Ordinance
A plan that allowed the creation of new states and government further west near the Ohio river valley -
The Federalist Papers
Series of papers written by people including Alexander Hamilton to urge people to ratify the Constitution -
United States Constitution
Articles of Confederation 2.0: The Constitution gave more power to Congress and redefined power in regards to the federal government and the states -
Period: to
Second Great Awakening
A religious revival that caused social changes like the change of views on the role of women and the spreading of more Protestant denominations. Part of transcendentalism -
Bill of Rights
The first ten amendments of the United States Constitution that explicitly stated the rights of America's citizens -
First Bank of the United States
A creation favored by the Federalists, this bank collected all of the states' debt into one massive collection that could be dealt with all at once and managed America's economy -
Period: to
Whiskey Rebellion
A violent response to an unpopular tax on whiskey. The military effectively stopped the rebellion, and demonstrated that the military could take control of such matters -
Period: to
Federalist Party
Political party that favored a strong central government -
Period: to
Democratic-Republican Party
Party that favored the states over the federal government -
Proclamation of Neutrality
George Washington declares the United States neutral in regards to the war currently occurring between France and Britain -
Jay's Treaty
This treaty limited trade with foreign countries -
Treaty of Greenville
This treaty ceded Native lands to the colonists and ended the conflicts that occurred between the two groups when the colonists began entering the Northwest Territory due to the Northwest Ordinance -
Washington's Farewell Address
Political parties are dangerous and so are foreign affairs -
Alien and Sedition Acts
Laws passed by Congress that targeted immigrants, allowing the government to deport foreign people who they deemed able to be deported. These laws also infringed upon freedom of speech by silencing people speaking out against the government -
Period: to
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
Documents in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, the which state that the States should have a response that can contest with or overtake the federal government's decisions -
Revolution of 1800
A shift in America's political scene in which the Democratic-Republicans won the election and were now handed the power instead of the Federalists -
Louisiana Purchase
A transaction in which the United States purchased a humongous piece of territory from France, doubling the size of the country effectively for a small price per acre -
Marbury vs. Madison
Court case that allowed the supreme court power of judiciary review -
Period: to
Lewis and Clark Expedition
A journey led by Merriweather Lewis and William Clark that explored the Louisiana territory and tried to find a path toward the Pacific Ocean -
Embargo Act of 1807
Britain is impressing our sailors and we don't want to be involved in European affairs anyway to we say no to trading with them -
Battle of Tippecanoe
Tecumseh vs. Harrison, the Natives Americans fought the Americans here during the broader context of the War of 1812. Natives lost. -
Period: to
War of 1812
A war between the British and Americans that started mainly over sailor impressment, the United States expanding, and Native Americans -
Hartford Convention
Convention in which the war of 1812, the south and the west, and how Congress and the states should be represented in government were discussed. Few changes from this convention were made. Contributed to decline in the Federalist government -
Period: to
American System
Plan by Henry Clay to improve the United States economy: Protective tariffs, internal improvements, and a national bank -
Period: to
Lowell System
Designed a relationship between the factory and workers, with young and unmarried women often working in factories and being housed by the factory operators. The women were also paid regular wages. Here, there were exploitations of these workers (low wages) that would cause labor unions. -
Period: to
Era of Good Feelings
Something like a Pax Americana, this is when national unity and political stability reigned, boosting the United States economy and helping to create a national identity -
McCulloch vs. Maryland
Court case that addressed the balance of power between the federal and state governments -
Florida Purchase Treaty
We pay Spain some money in exchange for Florida -
Missouri Compromise
(Henry Clay coming in clutch and not for the first time) Imbalance of slave and free states in the House is settled by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state at the same time as well as established 36º 30' line -
Period: to
Market Revolution
Transportation and industrialization improvements began to expand the economy, change agriculture, and cause social events like labor rights and women being a strong part of the workforce -
Period: to
Universal Male Suffrage
Economic hardship caused many Americans to lose property and therefore lose voting rights. The government relaxed this requirement, allowing a large amount of common people to be involved in the government, contributing to the rise of the Democratic Party -
Period: to
Transcendentalism
Philosophical movement that emphasized individualism and being connected to nature. Helped to form a national identity through literature. -
Period: to
Cult of Domesticity
Idea that women are supposed to be domestic and submissive mothers, in that they were supposed to create a nurturing environment for children and loving to her husband. Involved separation of spheres in that men would in the public sphere (work) and women were in the private sphere (home) -
Monroe Doctrine
(Ultimate isolationist policy) President Monroe writes that the Americas are not to be interfered with by European nations and that the United States will remain neutral in matters regarding European nations -
Election of 1824
No majority winner led to John Quincy Adams being elected president by the House of Representatives. The Corrupt Bargain results from this election, angering Andrew Jackson, who won majority vote but not electoral college vote. -
New Harmony
Utopian community that emphasized equality and social reform. This community was big on progressive ideas that challenged social norms and traditions -
Erie Canal
Canal that helped to grow the economy in New York state by allowing the cheaper transportation of goods -
Period: to
Hudson River School
Art movement that painted landscapes and nature. Helped to form American national identity in art. -
American Temperance Society
An organization founded on aiming to restrain alcoholism in America, focusing on moderation of "temperance" of consumption of alcohol. -
American Colonization Society
Organization that aimed to move free blacks back to Africa, specifically to Liberia -
"Tariff of Abominations"
A very high tariff that helped the industrial North but hurt the import-relying South. This tariff spawned the nullification crisis, in which nullification was the idea that the states could nullify laws within their borders by the federal government which they deemed unconstitutional (South Carolina was particularly bad) -
Indian Removal Act
An act that Andrew Jackson signed to move the Indians east of the Mississippi River to the west of it. Signed under the ideas that this was in both the colonists' and Indians' best interests, it was actually a law of racism and evil in disguise (Trail of Tears and more) -
Period: to
Trail of Tears
Forced removal of many Native Americans to present-day Oklahoma. They were malnourished, diseased, and treated harshly, leading to the death of many Natives on the way to Oklahoma -
Nat Turner Rebellion
Rebellion by enslaved people led by Nat Turner, killing a handful of white people. This spread fear throughout the South of further uprisings, leading to stricter laws on the enslaved people -
Worcester vs. Georgia
Supreme Court Justice John Marshall ruled that Georgia could not impose laws on the Cherokee nation because they were a distinct self-governing community. Andrew Jackson ignores him and has them removed anyway. -
Period: to
Bank War
Congress passed the bill to recharter the National Bank which Jackson vetoed to let the Bank die, thinking the Bank was bad for the common man. After it died, money from the national banks was put into pet banks (state-chartered banks), causing economic instability and leading to the Panic of 1837 -
American Antislavery Society
Abolitionist organization that called for the emancipation of enslaved people -
Period: to
Whig Party
Leaned more toward federal government, economic development, and national bank over the states power -
Positive Good Speech
John C. Calhoun argues that slavery is a good institution, one that is beneficial for the South economically, and one that is natural in that there is a natural relationship between slave and master -
Period: to
Immigration: Irish and Germans
Irish and German people immigrated over to the United States to escape bad conditions in their home countries, bringing over aspects of their own cultures and religions over to the regions that they settled in in America -
Period: to
Know-Nothing Party
Political party formed on nativist and xenophobic settlements, named for the common "I know nothing" response to the question of what the party's activities were -
Seneca Falls Convention
A convention that discussed women's suffrage and was pivotal to the broader women's suffrage movement