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Native America, European Exploration, Colonization
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In 1492 Christopher discovered the New World. When he arrived he discovered that there were already Native Americans living on this land.
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The Roanoke Colony was the first 2 attempts to establish a permanent English settlement in the New World. Both attempts were fails and the colony vanished.
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Jamestown was the English settlement that was successful. Jamestown was settled in Virginia.
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Many Separatists left Europe because they were being treated poorly. Many came to Massachusetts and created Plymouth as a religiously pure society.
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Thousands of Puritans left England. Many migrated to the Caribbeans, but many also went to Massachusetts for religious freedom.
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The Trade and Navigation Acts were put into place to regulate trade to the colonies. The laws weren't very effective because of salutary neglect (laws weren't enforced).
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King Philip's War was between colonists and Natives. Indians began attacking whites that moved onto their land.
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Bacon's Rebellion was a big rebellion in the South that brought attention to the frontier because they were being pushed back into Native land. During this rebellion some of Jamestown was burnt down.
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The Great Awakening was a religious revival that brought many new ideas of religion to the New World.
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The French and Indian War put the French and Indians against the colonists. This war eventually led to the end of salutary neglect for the colonists.
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American Revolution, the Confederal Era, and the Early Federal Period
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British soldiers opened fire into a mob of colonists. Five of the colonists died.
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The Tea Act a tax on tea that was protested widely by the colonists. This act was one of the pushes toward the Boston Tea Party.
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The Boston Tea Party was a protest made by the Sons of Liberty. Millions of dollars worth of tea were tossed into the harbor and ruined.
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The Coercive Acts were laws passed by Parliament to punish Boston for the Boston Tea Party. The colonists called them the Intolerable Acts because they were so terrible.
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In September of 1774 the first Continental Congress met in Philadelphia to organize colonial resistance to the Coercive Acts.
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The Second Continental Congress met in May of 1775 to discuss things involving the Revolutionary War, such as directing colonies and declaring causes of taking up arms.
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The Revolutionary War was the war between the colonists and Britain. The war resulted in the overthrow of British rule in America. The war lasted til 1783.
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The Declaration of Independence listed the grievances caused by King George III and declared America independent from Britain. The Declaration of Independence was ratified July 2, 1776.
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The Articles of Confederation served as the first constitution in America. After much debate the Articles were ratified on March 1 1781 after all 13 states agreed.
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The 1783 Treaty of Paris signed by King George III and US representatives officially ended the American Revolutionary War.
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The Constitution was made as the official framework of the US government. It was ratified on June 21, 1788
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George Washington became America's first president in 1789. Washington laid the groundwork for the presidents to follow. He also gave America warnings in his Farewell Address.
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In 1790-1791 Alexander Hamiliton proposed his bold plan to help the national debt.
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In 1794 there was an uprising of whiskey makers protesting having to pay taxes. President Washington brought in the US Army to settle the rebellion and this showed others that the government meant business.
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The Alien and Sedition Acts were passed under John Adams presidency. These were a series of laws that made life for immigrants very hard.
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The election of 1800 is also referred to as the "revolution of 1800". Thomas Jefferson beat Aaron Burr and John Adams in this election.
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The Market Revolution happened roughly in the 1800s-1840s. During this time there were major changes in labor systems and it greatly affected the Northeast and Midwest.
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War of 1812, Era of Good Feeling
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This case went to the Supreme Court because John Adams had appointed new jobs right before he left office. This Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review.
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In the Louisiana Purchase the US bought a large purchase of land from France (larger than modern day Louisiana). Lewis and Clark were sent out to map this area.
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In the Embargo of 1807 America cut off trade with the rest of the world. Jefferson thought this would hurt other countries, but it ended up hurting America's economy.
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The War of 1812 was a conflict between US and Britain over British violation of US maritime rights. This war caused an end to the Federalist party and also gained America respect from other nations.
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The Treaty of Ghent was a peace treaty that officially ended the War of 1812.
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Henry Clay's economic plan was similar to Hamilton's economic plan. It included a protective tariff, the 2nd BUS, and some internal improvements.
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The US would admit Maine in as a free state and Missouri would be a slave state. A line was drawn at the 36 30 line and everything South would be a slave state and everything North would be a free state.
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The Monroe Doctrine was a US policy that would keep Britain from colonizing the Americas. Any attempt from Britain would be seen as a threat for the US.
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In this election John Quincy Adams was voted president. One of the main reasons JQA won this election is because Henry Clay supported him instead of Andrew Jackson.
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Jacksonian Ear, Nullification, Post Jackson Politics
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In the election of 1828 Andrew Jackson defeated JQA fairly easily. Since so many people voted for Jackson he felt that he just needed to do whatever he felt was right,
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During this time states, such as South Carolina, decided to not follow the tariff. Hayne defended state rights while Webster defended national power, this debate led to the Compromise of 1833.
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The Indian Removal Act was originally published on May 28, 1830. The law authorized the removal of Native Americans from their land and relocate them to federal area west of the Mississippi river.
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The Bank War refers to the conflict about rechartering the 2nd Bank of the US. Andrew Jackson eventually ended the 2nd BUS by putting federal money into pet banks instead of the 2nd BUS.
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The Specie Circular said that only specie (gold and silver) could be accepted for Western land. The specie circular eventually led to the Panic of 1837.
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The 2nd Great Awakening was another wide spread religious revival that started in upstate New York. This religious revival led to the development of Utopian societies and reform movements.
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The Whig Party was made in opposition to Andrew Jackson. The first election the Whig party participated in was the election of 1840.
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The way political parties used to pick a candidate was through the Caucus System. The system had many criticisms so it came to an end and up arose the use of political conventions.
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Slavery, Abolition, Civil War, Reconstruction
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The Mexican-American War started because the US believed it was their right to expand West. The war was ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, which gave the US a big portion of land.
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The Wilmont Priviso was a proposal that any territory gained from Mexico would come in as a free state. This was important because when this proposal was made the South very seriously threatened secession.
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The compromise was separate bills passed to resolve the arguments between the North and the South. The most important outcomes were an end to the slave trade in Washington D.C. and made it faster for slaves to b returned to their owners.
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This act allowed for the people who lived in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery in their territories.
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Many people began to move to Kansas because of the Kansas Nebraska Bill. Many conflicts, such as Sacking of Lawrence and the Pottawatomie Massacre, began to occur.
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This was a case decided by the Supreme Court on the topic of whether or not a slave was free if they had lived in a free state. The decision was made that slaves are property such as livestock and furniture.
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The Panic of 1857 was caused by over production in industry and over expansion of railroads, which only really affected the North. The South began to claim that this was proof their system, free labor, was better.
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Lincoln and Douglas traveled Illinois together to help inform people through debates. Lincoln had the views of a free soiler, Douglas had the same view as the Freeport Doctrine.
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John Brown had made a group to raid on Harper's Ferry to raid the city arsenal then free many slaves, he was caught and executed. The North and the South had very different views of John Brown.
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The election of 1860 is the election that put Lincoln into office. To the South this election implied that their opinion didn't matter.
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In December of 1860 South Carolina seceded, in January 1861 GA, AL, and FL secede, in February 1861 MS, LA, TX secede.
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War between the US and the Confederate states. The war wasn't originally just about slavery, but as it moved forward slavery became a main focus.
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After the Civil War there were many attempts made at reconstructing the country. This dealt with punishment of the South, fixing the economy, and new laws.
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Gilded Age, Era of Good Stealings
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On April 15, 1865 President Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth in Ford's Theater.
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The Tenure of Office Act was an act created to set up President Johnson for failure. He had many disputes with Congress and this violation led to his impeachment.
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The Credit Mobilier Scandal was caused by the Union Pacific and Credit Mobilier construction and finance companies, there was manipulation of the contracts and shows the corruption of this time period.
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The Granger Movements were made by farmers who worked together to gain political power. They wanted regulation by the state.
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The Transcontinental Railroad was started in Nebraksa by the Union Pacific company and was extended West. The RR had support from the government and many of the workers were immigrants.
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After the Civil War the Republicans heavily pushed for the ratification of the 15th amendment, which would grant African American men the right to vote.
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The panic was a result of over production in industry and over expansion of railroads. Banks couldn't exchange greenbacks for gold.
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Many people in office took bribes from whiskey manufacturers rather than collecting their taxes.
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Boss Tweed was the mayor of NYC. He was caught in a scandal where he stole money to give back to the community to make himself look better.
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The Chinese Exclusion Act prevented Chinese laborers from immigrating to the US because they were "stealing jobs".
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This act required some government employees to take exams to determine if they are qualified for the job.This only applied to about 10% of jobs.
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The Haysquare Market Riot was caused by the union named the Knights of Labor.This riot associated unions with violence for a brief amount of time.
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The Interstate Commerce Act created the ICC. The ICC was created to regulate the railroads and maintain fair rates.
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The Sherman Antitrust Act was made to regulate competition between companies and break up monopolies. For the first 10 years companies used it to break up unions.
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The Panic of 1893 were caused by small railroad companies that built too rapidly. During the panic two of the countries largest employment companies collapsed.
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The Spanish-American War was a war between the US and Spain. This war was mostly caused by yellow journalism and the sinking of the Maine.
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The 1898 Treaty of Paris ended the Spanish-American War. In this treaty the US gained Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
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New Imperialism, The Progressive Era, World War 1
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This election put William McKinley into office and was supposed to be set up to end Theodore Roosevelt's political career. Unfortunately McKinley was assassinated, Theodore Roosevelt then began his first term as president.
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A resistance is the Philippines broke out led by an unofficial military because the Philippines didn't want to be a part of the US. The fighting was officially ended by Theodore Roosevelt in 1902
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The election of 1904 was the first election that Theodore Roosevelt won.
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The 16th Amendment allowed for income tax.
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The Mann-Elkins Act extended the ICC's authority to regulate the telecommunications industry.
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The 17th Amendment allowed for the direct election of senators
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The election of 1912 put Woodrow Wilson into office. This election was also the first time America saw the "Bull-Moose" Party.
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The Underwood-Simmons Tariff lowered the tariff from 40% to 27%. It also introduced the 1st constitutional income tax.
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World War 1 started in 1914, the US started out neutral and provided countries with material and resources. On April 6, 1917 the US joined allies with Britain, France, and Russia.
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The National Defense Act doubled the size of the US army. The US passed the act to prepare the army for WW1.
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The Committee of Public Information, or Creel Committee, was made to support the war effort. The committee put out propaganda that encouraged citizen enforcement, but also cause discrimination towards people with German heritage.
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Wilson gave his 14 Points speech on January 18, 1918. The speech talked a lot about going back to the way things were and peace without victory.
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The Treaty of Versailles officially ended WW1, The US did not ratify the treaty, therefore the US was not pat of the League of Nations.
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In the US there was a widespread fear of the spread of communism. Many people were arrested and many people lost there jobs.
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Great Depression, World War 2, 1920's culture
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Prohibition was the nationwide ban against selling and manufacturing alcoholic beverages. This was heavily supported by Christian women.
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In 1920 the 19th Amendment was passed allowing women the right to vote.
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The Washington Naval Conference was important because some outcomes were the Five Power Treaty, the Four Power Pacific Treaty, and the Nine Power Treaty.
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The Kellogg-Briand Pact was supposed to outlaw war, almost every country signed it.
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The Great Depression was a missive economic downturn in the US, seeing affects until roughly around 1939. The US hadn't seen anything like this so the beginning approaches made by President Hoover were not helpful.
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On October 24th, 1929 the stock market took a major dip, but did not crash. On October 29th, 1929 the stock market crashed which became a catalyst for the Great Depression.
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In 1931, 9 African American males were accused of raping two white women. Eight of the boys were sentenced to death, but it was then retired and they were given less harsh sentences.
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In the election of 1932 Franklin D Roosevelt won and began taking measures to help relieve the depression.
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The Bank Hoiday was one of the first things FDR did to help relieve the depression. This closed banks for 3 days so inspectors could go and see which banks should remain open and put money into the good ones.
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In 1933 the 21st Amendment was ratified which made Prohibition unconstitutional.
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World War ll started on September 1 , 1939. The US did not declare war until December 1, 1941, after an attack on Pearl Harbor.
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The Lend Lease Act allowed the President to lend other countries resources to keep them fighting, if it was beneficial to the US.
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In 1943 violence broke out between Mexican Americans and white soldiers.
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During wartime production industries couldn't really afford for unions to go on strike. This act said that unions had to give a 30 day notice before they went on strike, this could give enough time for them to be replaced.
