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Native America, European Exploration, Colonization
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In an attempt to establish a trade route to India, Columbus accidentally landed in the Americas which lead to the beginning of European Exploration
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Spanish conquistadors land in Florida and begin the conquest for gold in the Americas
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Jacques Catier sails across the northern Atlantic route and claims Canada for France
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Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto is the first European to see the Mississippi River
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Jamestown becomes the first successful British colony in the Americas
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Native tobacco is cultivated in Jamestown for the first time and becomes a cash crop almost instantly
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The first written plan of government in the colonies
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An armed rebellion that took place in Virginia where settlers attempted to overthrow the rule of Gov. William Berkeley
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A series of hangings where more than 20 people were executed because of suspected witchcraft taking place in Salem Massachusetts
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Treaty of Paris signed in 1763 which gave Canada and Florida to Britain from France and Spain
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War fought in the northern colonies between the French and British with native American aid because of land disputes in the Ohio River Valley
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American Revolution, Confederal Era, and Early Federal Period
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Law placed on the colonists by Britain in hopes to reduce sugar and molasses smuggling into the colonies
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A direct tax placed on the colonies by Britain which taxed all printed materials from newspapers to playing cards
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Violent conflict between colonists and British troops because of a series of taxes placed on the colonists that resulted in 5 colonists being killed
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Protest on the Tea Act where members of the sons of liberty snuck onto a merchant vessel and dumped millions of dollars of tea into Boston harbor
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Britain's response to the Boston Tea party which punished colonists by closing Boston Harbor
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Signed document by multiple founding fathers stating the US's independence from Britain
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The turning point in the revolutionary war where the advantage switched from the British to the colonists
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General Cornwallis surrenders to George Washington and the US officially becomes independent from Britain by winning the war
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Armed, violent protest that took place in Massachusetts because of taxes demanded by the state because of war debt
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Papers written and published to the public in order to promote the ratification of the US Constitution
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George Washington is elected the 1st President of the US after he lead the colonists to victory in the Revolutionary War
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A tax protest against tax placed on Whiskey in Pennsylvania and the first major challenge to federal authority
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Supreme Court is created in 1789 by congress and George Washington
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A series of laws passed by president Adams that prohibited people from immigrating to the US and gave states the authority to deport any non-natural citizen
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US capital is moved from Philadelphia to Washington DC
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Era of Good Feelings
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Thomas Jefferson is elected the 3rd President of the US
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The US buys 820,000^2 miles of land from France for $15 mil
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Supreme court case that established the doctrine of judicial review
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Meriwether Lewis and William Clark set out on their expedition across the continent
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The US bans the import of new slaves into the states
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James Madison is elected the 4th president of the US
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Treaty of Ghent ends the War of 1812 after a stalemate between the US and Britain
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US declares war on Britain because of Britain's interference with US merchant ships
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Established that congress had the power to incorporate the bank and that Maryland could place taxes on what belonged to the federal government
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Maine is admitted as a US state while Missouri becomes a slave state to maintain balance
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John Quincy Adams is elected the 6th president of the US
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Jacksonian Era
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Andrew Jackson is elected the 7th US president in one of the "dirtiest" elections in history
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Set in motion by Andrew Jackson and allowed state officials to override federal protection of native americans, which lead to many native tribes being relocated and forcefully removed from their homes
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A slave revolt in Virginia that lead to the deaths of 55 white citizens and slave owners
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The mechanical reaper made agriculture much easier and more efficient
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Mexican soldiers attacked and reclaimed the Alamo from Texan soldiers
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John Deere's Steel Plow made plowing fields using farm animals as opposed to human labor much easier and efficient
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Native Cherokee tribes are forcibly moved from the southeast to Oklahoma
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Radical abolitionists form the Liberty Party in 1840, which did not smooth over well with southern democrats
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William Henry Harrison is elected the 9th US president and becomes the first president to die in office
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With farmland running out on the Eastern Seaboard, Americans began to move westward in search of new farm land which lead to the Mexican-American War
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James K. Polk defeats Henry Clay in the 1844 election
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Samuel Morse's telegraph allowed people to communicate and relay messages at a much longer distance much more effectively
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Victorian Era, Manifest Destiny and Civil War
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An influx of irish immigrants came ti the United States because of a blight that wiped out the potato crop
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The US expands westward and goes to war with Mexico because the US government believed it was their right to expand and Mexico disagreed
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The US gains multiple southwestern states after defeating Mexico in the MA war. The US government gave Mexico 15 million dollars to give up its claims to Texas and the Treaty of Guadalupe was signed
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Lincoln is elected the 16th US president and leads the union through the civil war
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Because of issues regarding slave states, the Union (primarily made up of northern and western states) and the Confederate States (primarily southern states) went to war with each other
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The US government offered 160 acres land to US Citizens for free with the understanding that they would cultivate and improve it
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Major victory on southern soil for the union that allowed them to move south and set up Ulysses S. Grant in Mississippi
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A major Confederate victory on northern soil as well as the bloodiest battle on the civil war
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Proclamation made by Abraham Lincoln that freed all confederate slaves
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A construction company bribed congressman into funding the construction of the Union Pacific Railroad. Congressman who obliged could purchase stocks in the company at face value instead of market value
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John Wilkes Booth assassinated president Lincoln on April 6th 1865
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Officially ended slavery in the US
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Lee surrenders to grant at the Appomattox Courthouse and the Union takes victory over the confederate states
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Guilded Age
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Gives all natural born persons regardless of race citizenship in the US
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After leading the union to victory in the Civil War, USG was elected the 18th president of the US
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Allows black men to vote
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The federal government allowed the preservation of the first national park in order to prevent the land from being logged and mined
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Gave equal rights to blacks in jury duty but was overturned by the Supreme court 8 years later
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The largest victory for Native Americans in american history. US Calvary and Native Americans fought in the eastern Montana territory
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Railroad workers in West VA went on strike after the Baltimore and Ohio railroads cut wages for the 3rd time in one year
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Law that established the US Civil Service commission which began the merit system and ended the spoils system
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Act that divided Native American lands into individual parcels which impacted native tribes negatively because of disorder in unity and government
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Law that required railroads to charge more fair rates to customers and passengers and make them public
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Law that prohibits trusts and monopolies in order to create a more fair diverse market
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Supreme Court Case where an african american woman was arrested and convicted for refusing to move out of an all-white train car
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War fought between the US and Spain because of unfair Spanish rule over Cuba
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Spanish-American War, Industrialization, World War 1
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An violent campaign lead by a group called the Boxers in China against foreigners which lead to eventual support by the Chinese government
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Act that directly tied paper currency and gold together and stated that only gold could redeem paper money
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Teddy Roosevelt becomes the 26th president of the US. Considered the first modern president and serves until 1909
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Allowed the federal government to inspect food and drugs and banned the interstate shipment and sale of impure food
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Organization founded to fight for the abolition of segregation and discrimination in the US
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William Taft is elected the 27th President of the US. "Dollar Diplomacy"
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Woodrow Wilson is elected the 28th president of the US and leads the first progressive movement and the US through WW1 (served until 1921)
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Law that placed all national banks under the jurisdiction of a federal reserve board in order to try and prevent financial crisis
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Archduke Ferdinand is assassinated in Sarajevo lead to a series of events building up to the Battle at Marne
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The Panama canal is completed after 10 years of construction, allowing ships to sail directly to the Pacific from the Atlantic as opposed to around South America
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Law prohibiting exclusive sales contracts
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Promise made to the United States by Germany to not sink passenger ships on route to Europe...thus brought the US into the war because Germany broke the pledge when sinking the Lusitania
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After the sinking of multiple US merchant ships, the US entered the war in April of 1917
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Germany and other opposing powers surrender after the Battle of Amiens and the 100 Day allied siege. Armistice is signed in Nivember 11th, 1918
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WW2 and Reform
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The sale and production of alcoholic beverages is banned nationwide and leads to massive bootlegging campaigns and the popularity of speakeasies in the 1920's
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Gave women the right to vote
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The crash of the US (and other nations') economy and stock market which lead to nationwide chaos and suffering
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Herbert Hoover is elected the 31st President of the US over Franklin D. Roosevelt
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Raised the tariff on imported goods in order to protect domestic production in the US
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FDR is elected the 32nd President of the US and beats Herbert Hoover handily because of change wanted in the US coming out of the Great Depression
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The 21st amendment brought the end of prohibition in the United States
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The response to the Great Depression out in place by FDR that focused on healing the country economically and physically
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Series of dust storms caused by over-plowing the great plains that lead to severe drought and famine in the great plain states
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The attempt by the US government to culturally assimilate Native Americans into white american society
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Law signed in by FDR that created the Social Security program and helped provide a cushion for the unemployed
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A series of acts passed by congress in the late 1930's that responded to the impending threat of WW2
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On September 1st 1939, Hitler invaded Poland and started the 2nd World War
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Nazi Germany and the USSR fought for control of the southern Russian city of Stalingrad. The battle marked the end of Germany's advancement into Russia and was one of the most devastating military conflicts in history with around 2 million casualties
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The celebratory day in Europe after the Nazis surrender on May 7th, 1945
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Imperial Japan surrenders to the Allies after the Battle at Okinawa and armistice is signed on Sep. 2nd, 1945