-
Period: 1491 to
Period 1/2
Colonizing the New World and Early Exploration -
1492
Christopher Columbus & the New World
Set departures to New world and inspired people in Europe to head to the New World through his expedition journals; sparked interest in America -
Jamestown
First permanent English settlement in the colonies -
House of Burgesses
The first representative government in the northern colonies. Elected representatives to make decisions for Virginia -
Plymouth
First settlement in New England colonies from Pilgrims trying to seek religious freedom -
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
first written constitution in the colonies -
Mass School Laws
One of the first steps in the colonies that were directed toward government-aided education; if a town has 100 families, there must be provided school building and teacher -
Trade & Navigation Acts
Brought mercantilism into law and helped the colonies to develop economically while under English rule -
The Holy experiment
An attempt by the Quakers, especially William Penn, to create a community of religious tolerance and freedom; leads to diversity within colonies -
First Great Awakening
Religious revival within the colonies, that bought about more diversity and tolerance within the colonies -
French & Indian War Ends
The end of the French and Indian War caused debt within Parliament that led to the end of salutary neglect -
Period: to
Period 3
Revolutionary War, Building own government -
Stamp Act
Tax on all printed/paper goods in the colony; a major tax that sparked a lot of protests from colonists -
Massachusetts Circular Letter
Written by Samuel Adams that tried to unite colonies to repeal the stamp act -
Boston Massacre
Incident where British troops fired and killed 5 people; heavily publicized to create more tension -
Boston Tea Party
A protest led by the Sons of Liberty against the Tea Act -
Battles of Lexington & Concord
First military fighting/battles in the Revolutionary War that ended with a British victory -
Ratification of the Declaration of Independence
Colonial statement for what they were fighting for in the Revolutionary War that was created by Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, etc. -
Siege of Yorktown
British was surrounded by the French and Colonists militaries, Cornwall surrenders, and the end of the Revolutionary War is marked. -
3/5 Compromise
Counts slaves as 3/5 of a person for taxation and representation purposes; protected slavery and dehumanized African Americans greatly -
Ratification of the Constitution
Created an effective national government through checks and balances after declaring independence from Britain -
Washington's Presidency
Established the first presidential cabinet, expectations for foreign policy and military development -
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Proposed idea of nullification saying states can refuse to enforce a federal law they disagree with, led to the idea of strengthening central governments -
Whiskey Rebellion
Attack on tax collectors; first time the government used the military against its people to establish power -
First Party System
Created first political parties, those that supported the constitution and a strong federal government, federalists, and those that didn't, democratic republicans. -
XYZ Affair
Undeclared war between US and France that led to citizens having xenophobia, a strengthening in the federalist government, and restricted the civil liberties of people; led to alien and sedition acts -
Alien & Sedition Acts
Made it harder for a person to become a citizen as well as laws that could deport immigrants; Created conflict that was seen unconstitutional and put the idea of nativism more into play -
Period: to
Period 4 pt.1
War of 1812, market revolution, industrial revolution, agricultural evolution -
Marbury v. Madison
First time congressional act was declared unconstitutional and established judicial review -
Louisiana Purchase
Doubled the size of the country as well as securing the port of New Orleans and changed the constitution as purchasing land wasn't mentioned in it -
Embargo Act of 1807
Thomas Jefferson's attempt to stay out of conflict between France and Britain by cutting off trade with everyone; hurts the industry in north -
Steamboats
First steamboat made by Robert Fulton and helped industry and trade especially west because it was able to go up river and carry more cargo -
Validation of Cotton Gin
Separated cotton fibers from seed; made agriculture easier for farmers but required more slaves -
Factory System
Use of machinery and having raw material made into the finished product under one roof. Brought in an easier industry and child labor especially young girls. -
Treaty of Ghent
Ends the War of 1812 and cut off hope that Britain had on regaining territory lost in war as well as create an agreement between two countries instead of going to war -
Adam-Onis Treaty
Expands American land by purchasing Florida and clarifies the boundaries between New Spain and US -
Missouri Compomise
Created to keep the balance between free and slave states by making Missouri a slave state and Maine a free state. Created the 36 30 line to keep balance in future. -
Monroe Doctrine
States that European colonization in America would be seen as a threat and U.S. would keep out of internal European conflict -
Period: to
Period 4 pt.2
Age of Jackson, 2nd Great Awakening, manifest destiny -
Tariff of Abominations
Set tariff at 45% to help northern industry but angered the south because of their agricultural background -
Andrew Jackson's spoils system
People who helped Andrew Jackson get elected were appointed into government positions; first time the president appointed officer members and led to more corruption in office -
2nd Great Awakening
Second religious revival, influenced reforms such as temperance and abolitionists -
Trail of Tears
Forced relocation of American Indians to Oklahoma -
Bank War
An issue with recharting the Second Bank of the US that created state banks, inflation, and land speculation -
Birth of Whigs
America's second party system that favored the American system -
Period: to
Period 5
Civil War, reconstruction -
Oregon Treaty
Settled dispute between Britain and US about who claimed Oregon territory; established 49th parallel -
The Mexican War begins
Clash between Mexican and American troops in America's attempt to claim California and other westward lands -
Seneca Falls Convention
First women's rights convention led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, produced Declaration of Sentiments -
Know Nothing Party
Grows out of a secret society that opposed immigrants; impacted immigrant political behavior -
Compromise of 1850
Expands US territory by bringing in California as a free state and declared popular sovereignty on Utah and New Mexico; settled slavery issue for a little while -
Missouri/Kansas Border Wars
Disputes that were violent between pro-slaves and radical abolitionists, led to the civil war because it showed people were willing to die for the cause -
Panic of 1857
The financial panic caused by overproduction and overexpansion of railroads, south believed their economic system was superior because they were not affected -
Start of Civil War
War between southern and northern states mostly between disputes over enslaved people -
Homestead Act
Tried to encourage western expansion by giving 160 acres to anyone willing to move west and make use of land in 5 years -
Emancipation Proclamation
Freed slaves and encouraged rebellious states to rejoin the union during the civil war -
10% plan
Lincoln's plan for states to re-enter the union; 10% of the voting population had to take an oath to the union, pass the 13th amendment, and provide African Americans education; one of the first stages of reconstruction -
Creation of Freedman's Bureau
Created to help newly freed African Americans who were displaced, in need of medical care and jobs, and reunite them with their families -
Black codes, vagrancy laws, pig laws
Harsh laws placed on black people in the south that usually led to them ending up in jail where they could be used as slaves again -
13th amendment
Officially abolished slavery but was not enforced in the south completely -
Appomattox Courthouse
Marked the end of the civil war, northern leaders surround the south and force Lee to surrenders -
Period: to
Period 6
Gilded Age, labor movements -
Formation of the KKK
A group that oppressed African Americans by using physical and property violence to intimidate them to stay away from the government -
14th Amendment & Civil Rights Act
Stated everyone was given equal protection under the law -
Completion of Transcontinental Railroad
Led to the expansion of other industries, created jobs, and helped moved cargo as well as people quicker; railroad that had government support -
15th Amendment
Gave black men the right to vote; helped republican party receive votes -
Whiskey Ring
Treasury department took bribes from whiskey manufacturers to not pay tax on whiskey, led to a distrust in government and want for reform -
Compromise of 1877
Marked the end of reconstruction; made hayes president at the cost of the south being able to not enforce the 14th and 15th amendments -
Tweed Ring
used cities money to buy people off to get votes, Thomas Nast exposed Tammany Hall and Tweed; also led to a distrust of government -
Chinese Exclusion Act
Forbid immigrants from China because people were scared they would continue to take their jobs -
Establishment of Bureau of Labor
Created to help the safety of workers as well as with wages; big step in the labor movement -
Interstate Commerce Act
first government organization to regulate railroads, an attempt to restrict monopolies -
Sherman Antitrust Act
A form of regulation, intended to make monopolies illegal, used early on to fight against labor unions -
Battle of Wounded Knee
Massacre of Indians, many women and children, that ended the active resistance of Native Americans -
Oscala Demands
Demands that tried to help the social and economic needs of farmers, proposed by the Farmer's Alliance -
Homestead Strike
Strike on Henry Clay Frick's steel company due to lowering wages, the court ended the strike and Frick cut wages more and increased hours; step in labor reform -
Pullman Strike
Led by Eugene Debs, Railroad workers refused to do their job if there was a Pullman cart on the train because their wages were lowered, laid the groundwork for future change -
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Established constitutionality of racial segregation; "separate but equal" -
Teller Amendment
The United States reasoning for the Spanish American War -
American Anti-Imperialism League
An organization that tried to persuade the government that we do not need imperialism -
Period: to
Period 7 pt.1
New Imperialism, Progressivism, WWI -
Insular Cases
Determined status of territories gained from the Spanish-American war that states full constitutional rights do not extend to places of the US -
Hay/Bunau-Varilla Treaty
Established the zone for the Panama Canal and created a way for the US to transport cargo more quickly -
Platt Amendment
stated that US was allowed to put a military base on Cuba to "protect its interests" -
Hepburn Act
Strengthened the ICC by letting them establish maximum rates and forbid free passes; Teddy Roosevelt's step in progressivism -
Gentlemen's Agreement
Agreement between Japan and US that stopped Japanese immigrants from coming to America -
Hetch Hetchy Debate
Californians wanted reservoir but Yosemite was disturbed in the process; some of the first arguments of land preservation -
16th amendment
made it constitutional to impose an income tax -
Underwood-Simmons Tariff
reduced tariff to 27% while adding an income tax for the first time officially -
17th Amendment
Gives voters the power to directly elect senators, expanded democracy -
Keating-Owen Act
Banned interstate sale of goods made with child labor; helped to drastically reduce child labor; Wilson hoped to attract voters -
Zimmerman Telegram
Note from Germany to Mexico that proposed an alliance between the two countries, one of the final straws for the US entering WWI -
Woodrow Wilson's 14 points
peace treaty that showed his vision of preventing war such as free trade between countries that accepted the treaty, reduction in arms, etc. -
Period: to
Period 7 pt.2
Great Depression, WWII, New Deal -
18th Amendment/Volstead Act
Made the manufacture and sale of alcohol illegal, resulted in a lot of organized crime during the 1920s -
Treaty of Versailles
Ended WWI, written by Woodrow Wilson, aimed to punish Germany greatly -
Red Scare
widespread fear of rising communism, many people's homes were raided, people were arrested, bombings, etc., sparks a resurgence of nativism -
19th amendment
First-time women were allowed to vote in all states -
Washington Naval Conference
Conference of world's largest naval powers to discuss situations to reduce war, held because there was a fear of another WW -
Immigration Act of 1924
Sought to limit immigration mostly from Asia and Eastern Europe after WWI -
Bonus Act
Veternas would receive extra money fro every day they served in 20 years, the stock market crashed led veterans to demand their bonuses immediately which led to the bonus army incident -
Scopes Trial
John Scopes was tried for teaching his students evolution and found guilty; shows the beginning of culture clashes and different versions of truth -
Black Thursday & Tuesday
Pivotal points where stock markets crashed and created an emergence of the Great Depression -
Scottsboro Boys
9 African Americans accused of rape, 8 sentenced to death and one life in prison; they were given retrials that reduced their time and were eventually pardon, big step for equal protection for minorities -
The New Deal I
FDR's plan to help after the Great Depressions consisted of the three r's (relief, recovery, and reform) -
Social Security Act
First-time social security was brought into America even though it had been mentioned before. Gave more recognition to the elderly and helping them after retirement -
Quarantine Speech
Franklin D. Roosevelt tried to prepare America for WWII by shifting their opinion about it -
Attack on Pearl Harbor
Japan sunk and damaged military fleet and was the main event that brought the US into WWII -
D-Day
Marked a major turn for the Allies in WWII that put them in control and led to the defeat of Germany -
Bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki
Ended the war officially for US and was a reason for the arms race
