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Colonizing the New World and Early Exploration
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Set departures to New world and inspired people in Europe to head to the New World through his expedition journals; sparked interest in America
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First permanent English settlement in the colonies
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The first representative government in the northern colonies. Elected representatives to make decisions for Virginia
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First settlement in New England colonies from Pilgrims trying to seek religious freedom
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first written constitution in the colonies
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One of the first steps in the colonies that were directed toward government-aided education; if a town has 100 families, there must be provided school building and teacher
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Brought mercantilism into law and helped the colonies to develop economically while under English rule
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An attempt by the Quakers, especially William Penn, to create a community of religious tolerance and freedom; leads to diversity within colonies
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Religious revival within the colonies, that bought about more diversity and tolerance within the colonies
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The end of the French and Indian War caused debt within Parliament that led to the end of salutary neglect
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Revolutionary War, Building own government
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Tax on all printed/paper goods in the colony; a major tax that sparked a lot of protests from colonists
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Written by Samuel Adams that tried to unite colonies to repeal the stamp act
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Incident where British troops fired and killed 5 people; heavily publicized to create more tension
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A protest led by the Sons of Liberty against the Tea Act
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First military fighting/battles in the Revolutionary War that ended with a British victory
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Colonial statement for what they were fighting for in the Revolutionary War that was created by Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, etc.
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British was surrounded by the French and Colonists militaries, Cornwall surrenders, and the end of the Revolutionary War is marked.
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Counts slaves as 3/5 of a person for taxation and representation purposes; protected slavery and dehumanized African Americans greatly
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Created an effective national government through checks and balances after declaring independence from Britain
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Established the first presidential cabinet, expectations for foreign policy and military development
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Proposed idea of nullification saying states can refuse to enforce a federal law they disagree with, led to the idea of strengthening central governments
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Attack on tax collectors; first time the government used the military against its people to establish power
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Created first political parties, those that supported the constitution and a strong federal government, federalists, and those that didn't, democratic republicans.
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Undeclared war between US and France that led to citizens having xenophobia, a strengthening in the federalist government, and restricted the civil liberties of people; led to alien and sedition acts
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Made it harder for a person to become a citizen as well as laws that could deport immigrants; Created conflict that was seen unconstitutional and put the idea of nativism more into play
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War of 1812, market revolution, industrial revolution, agricultural evolution
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First time congressional act was declared unconstitutional and established judicial review
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Doubled the size of the country as well as securing the port of New Orleans and changed the constitution as purchasing land wasn't mentioned in it
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Thomas Jefferson's attempt to stay out of conflict between France and Britain by cutting off trade with everyone; hurts the industry in north
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First steamboat made by Robert Fulton and helped industry and trade especially west because it was able to go up river and carry more cargo
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Separated cotton fibers from seed; made agriculture easier for farmers but required more slaves
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Use of machinery and having raw material made into the finished product under one roof. Brought in an easier industry and child labor especially young girls.
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Ends the War of 1812 and cut off hope that Britain had on regaining territory lost in war as well as create an agreement between two countries instead of going to war
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Expands American land by purchasing Florida and clarifies the boundaries between New Spain and US
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Created to keep the balance between free and slave states by making Missouri a slave state and Maine a free state. Created the 36 30 line to keep balance in future.
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States that European colonization in America would be seen as a threat and U.S. would keep out of internal European conflict
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Age of Jackson, 2nd Great Awakening, manifest destiny
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Set tariff at 45% to help northern industry but angered the south because of their agricultural background
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People who helped Andrew Jackson get elected were appointed into government positions; first time the president appointed officer members and led to more corruption in office
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Second religious revival, influenced reforms such as temperance and abolitionists
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Forced relocation of American Indians to Oklahoma
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An issue with recharting the Second Bank of the US that created state banks, inflation, and land speculation
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America's second party system that favored the American system
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Civil War, reconstruction
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Settled dispute between Britain and US about who claimed Oregon territory; established 49th parallel
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Clash between Mexican and American troops in America's attempt to claim California and other westward lands
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First women's rights convention led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, produced Declaration of Sentiments
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Grows out of a secret society that opposed immigrants; impacted immigrant political behavior
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Expands US territory by bringing in California as a free state and declared popular sovereignty on Utah and New Mexico; settled slavery issue for a little while
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Disputes that were violent between pro-slaves and radical abolitionists, led to the civil war because it showed people were willing to die for the cause
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The financial panic caused by overproduction and overexpansion of railroads, south believed their economic system was superior because they were not affected
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War between southern and northern states mostly between disputes over enslaved people
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Tried to encourage western expansion by giving 160 acres to anyone willing to move west and make use of land in 5 years
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Freed slaves and encouraged rebellious states to rejoin the union during the civil war
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Lincoln's plan for states to re-enter the union; 10% of the voting population had to take an oath to the union, pass the 13th amendment, and provide African Americans education; one of the first stages of reconstruction
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Created to help newly freed African Americans who were displaced, in need of medical care and jobs, and reunite them with their families
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Harsh laws placed on black people in the south that usually led to them ending up in jail where they could be used as slaves again
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Officially abolished slavery but was not enforced in the south completely
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Marked the end of the civil war, northern leaders surround the south and force Lee to surrenders
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Gilded Age, labor movements
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A group that oppressed African Americans by using physical and property violence to intimidate them to stay away from the government
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Stated everyone was given equal protection under the law
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Led to the expansion of other industries, created jobs, and helped moved cargo as well as people quicker; railroad that had government support
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Gave black men the right to vote; helped republican party receive votes
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Treasury department took bribes from whiskey manufacturers to not pay tax on whiskey, led to a distrust in government and want for reform
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Marked the end of reconstruction; made hayes president at the cost of the south being able to not enforce the 14th and 15th amendments
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used cities money to buy people off to get votes, Thomas Nast exposed Tammany Hall and Tweed; also led to a distrust of government
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Forbid immigrants from China because people were scared they would continue to take their jobs
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Created to help the safety of workers as well as with wages; big step in the labor movement
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first government organization to regulate railroads, an attempt to restrict monopolies
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A form of regulation, intended to make monopolies illegal, used early on to fight against labor unions
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Massacre of Indians, many women and children, that ended the active resistance of Native Americans
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Demands that tried to help the social and economic needs of farmers, proposed by the Farmer's Alliance
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Strike on Henry Clay Frick's steel company due to lowering wages, the court ended the strike and Frick cut wages more and increased hours; step in labor reform
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Led by Eugene Debs, Railroad workers refused to do their job if there was a Pullman cart on the train because their wages were lowered, laid the groundwork for future change
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Established constitutionality of racial segregation; "separate but equal"
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The United States reasoning for the Spanish American War
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An organization that tried to persuade the government that we do not need imperialism
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New Imperialism, Progressivism, WWI
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Determined status of territories gained from the Spanish-American war that states full constitutional rights do not extend to places of the US
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Established the zone for the Panama Canal and created a way for the US to transport cargo more quickly
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stated that US was allowed to put a military base on Cuba to "protect its interests"
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Strengthened the ICC by letting them establish maximum rates and forbid free passes; Teddy Roosevelt's step in progressivism
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Agreement between Japan and US that stopped Japanese immigrants from coming to America
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Californians wanted reservoir but Yosemite was disturbed in the process; some of the first arguments of land preservation
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made it constitutional to impose an income tax
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reduced tariff to 27% while adding an income tax for the first time officially
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Gives voters the power to directly elect senators, expanded democracy
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Banned interstate sale of goods made with child labor; helped to drastically reduce child labor; Wilson hoped to attract voters
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Note from Germany to Mexico that proposed an alliance between the two countries, one of the final straws for the US entering WWI
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peace treaty that showed his vision of preventing war such as free trade between countries that accepted the treaty, reduction in arms, etc.
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Great Depression, WWII, New Deal
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Made the manufacture and sale of alcohol illegal, resulted in a lot of organized crime during the 1920s
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Ended WWI, written by Woodrow Wilson, aimed to punish Germany greatly
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widespread fear of rising communism, many people's homes were raided, people were arrested, bombings, etc., sparks a resurgence of nativism
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First-time women were allowed to vote in all states
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Conference of world's largest naval powers to discuss situations to reduce war, held because there was a fear of another WW
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Sought to limit immigration mostly from Asia and Eastern Europe after WWI
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Veternas would receive extra money fro every day they served in 20 years, the stock market crashed led veterans to demand their bonuses immediately which led to the bonus army incident
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John Scopes was tried for teaching his students evolution and found guilty; shows the beginning of culture clashes and different versions of truth
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Pivotal points where stock markets crashed and created an emergence of the Great Depression
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9 African Americans accused of rape, 8 sentenced to death and one life in prison; they were given retrials that reduced their time and were eventually pardon, big step for equal protection for minorities
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FDR's plan to help after the Great Depressions consisted of the three r's (relief, recovery, and reform)
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First-time social security was brought into America even though it had been mentioned before. Gave more recognition to the elderly and helping them after retirement
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Franklin D. Roosevelt tried to prepare America for WWII by shifting their opinion about it
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Japan sunk and damaged military fleet and was the main event that brought the US into WWII
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Marked a major turn for the Allies in WWII that put them in control and led to the defeat of Germany
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Ended the war officially for US and was a reason for the arms race
