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2nd Great Awakening Began
The Second Great Awakening was a U.S. religious revival that began as a result of declining religious convictions. These revivals emphasized human beings' dependence upon God. -
Eli Whitney Patented the Cotton Gin
Whitney patented in 1794, a machine that cleaned the cotton and got rid of seeds and changed cotton production. -
Gabriel Prosser Slave Revolt
Gabriel Prosser, an illiterate black slave, planned a revolt in Richmond. Himself and 25 others were hanged. This led to VA passing laws restricting free blacks from education, assembly, and hiring -
Thomas Jefferson Elected President
This was the first examples of peaceful transfer from one political party to another. -
Louisiana Purchase
Deal between France and the US. The US acquired 827,000 sq. miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million. It gave the US control of New Orleans (a port) and the MS river. -
Marbury v. Madison
establishes the right to Judicial Review by the Supreme Court and the right of federal courts to declare laws unconstitutional. -
Beginning of Lewis and Clark Expedition
The US military commisions Captain Meriweather Lewis and Leutanient William Clark to explore land acquired Louisiana Purchase and Pacific Northwest. They leave from St. Louis with 45 men. -
Embargo Act
President Jefferson signs a law stating that American ships cannot sail to or trade at foreign ports. It was meant to protect American ships and punish Britain and France however, port cities saw a large decline in their economies. Many compared to British Navigation Acts. -
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
Off the coast of Norfolk, VA, the British ship the HMS Leopard attacked and boarded the USS Chesapeake in search of deserters of the Royal Navy. -
James Madison Elected President
Running for the Democratic-Republican party, Madison won by a large margin. It was a remarkable victory considering the unpopularity of the Embargo Act -
Non-Intercourse Act
In the last 16 days of his presidency, Pres. Jefferson replaced the Embargo Act with this and lifted all embargoes on ports, except for GB and France. -
Beginning of Manifest Destiny
God, Glory, and Gold, and westward expansion -
Death of Tecumseh
Tecumseh’s death marked the end of Indian resistance in the OH River valley and in most of the MW and S. Later, the depleted tribes were sent to the American interior. -
End of the War of 1812
War between the US and GB due to US outrage with British ships in US waters, seizure of US ships and the British aid of Native Americans against US on the western frontier. -
The British Burn Washington DC
Led by Brit. Gen. Robert Ross, troops occupied and burned public buildings (like US Capitol and White House) in the city. -
Hartford Convention
Federalist delegates met to list their complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence -
Francis Cabot Lowell
Smuggled textile mill plans from England to America with the hep of Samuel Slater and created America's first textile mill that converted raw cotton to finished cloth. -
Lyman Beecher Delivered His "Six Sermons on Intemperance"
After being reprinted and read across the US, it lead to the temperance movement, to limit the amount of alcohol Americans drank, which leads to prohibition in Maine. -
Treaty of Ghent Ratified
The Treaty of Ghent was signed between Britain and US, stating that all territories conquered must be returned and the boundary of the US and Canada would be settled. Written in Dec. 1814 but ratified 2 months later. -
Battle of New Orleans
2 weeks after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, Andrew Jackson and an assorted crew of slaves, Native Americans, pirates, and militiamen defeated the British in a battle of the War of 1812. This launched Jackson to nationwide popularity -
Era of Good Feelings Began
A period of national pride and desire for unity in the US population following the War of 1812. Little division between North and South, political parties, and East and West coast cities. -
Rush-Bagot Treaty
An agreement between the US and UK to significantly limit ships from both countries in the Great Lakes. -
James Monroe Elected President
The Republican candidate, Monroe was elected the fifth POTUS. the era during his presidency has been named the Era of Good Feelings. -
Anglo-American Convention
Signed by GB and the US, the Treaty of 1818 allowed New England fishermen to access fisheries in Newfoundland, set the northern boundary of the LA territory, and allowed joint occupation of the Oregon Country b/w US and GB -
Adams-Onis Treaty
A treaty between the US and Spain that gave Florida to the US. It separated the US and New Spain (boundary of Mexico). -
McCulloch v Maryland
est. "Necessary and Proper" giving the US gov't certain implied powers not explicitly stated in the constitution. Gave Congress right to establish a national bank. -
Panic of 1819
First US economic crisis. It featured widespread foreclosures, bank failures, unemployment, and a slump in agriculture and manufacturing. -
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
New Hampshire attempted to take over Dartmouth College by revising its colonial charter. The Court ruled that the charter was protected under the contract clause of the U. S. Constitution; upholds the sanctity of contracts. -
Missouri Compromise
Decision to accept Missouri request as a slave state and compromise to add Maine as a free state.
(22 states at the time, 11 slave and 11 free). -
Denmark Vesey Slave Revolt
Denmark Vesey, a free black carpenter in SC, plotted a slave rebellion in Charleston. The plan was to execute slavers and temporarily liberate the city of Charleston on Bastille Day 1822. The plan however was leaked and Vesey and 34 others were hanged. -
Monroe Doctrine
President Monroe pledged that US would not get involved in inter-European affairs, and warned European powers to stay out of the Western Hemisphere -
John Quincy Adams elected President
Corrupt Bargain: Andrew Jackson won 99 electoral votes vs. Adams' 84 (no candidate won the majority needed) so under the 12th Amendment the House of Reps. voted and JQA won.
Elected in 1824 and served from 1825 to 1829. -
Gibbons v. Ogden
Ruled that Congress had the sole authority to regulate interstate commerce over suit of whether NY could grant a monopoly to a ferry on interstate waters. -
Erie Canal Completed
The Erie Canal, from Albany and the Hudson River to Buffalo and Lake Erie, ran 363 miles to create a navigable waterway from NYC to the Great Lakes. It was the greatest NA public project and the longest artificial waterway. -
Robert Owen Founded the New Harmony Community
Owen, an idealistic Scottish industrialist attempted at a communal utopia in America which was unsuccessful. -
Tariff of Abominations
A tariff imposed by Congress that taxed foreign goods to promote US made ones. It was designed to protect Northern States from British goods, while Southern states opposed -
Andrew Jackson Elected President
Jackson, a popular general in the War of 1812, won the election of 1828, after losing to John Quincy Adams in the election of 1824 despite winning a plurality of electoral votes. Most known for his performance in the Battle of New Orleans. -
Catherine Beecher Published Essays on the Education of Female Teachers
Her essays lead to her founding the Western Female Institute for girls to prepare them to become mothers and teachers. Father was Lyman Beecher -
Indian Removal Act
Signed into law by President Andrew Jackson in 1830, authorizing the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi River in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. A few tribes went peacefully, but many resisted the relocation policy. -
Joseph Smith and Mormonism
Joseph Smith founded the Church of Latter-Day Saints, leading to the formation of the Mormon faith -
Charles B. Finney Lead Religious Revivals in Western NY
Led to the rise in religious fervor. Part of 2nd Great Awakening -
Trail of Tears Began
Following the Indian Removal Act, Cherokee tribes was forced to give up its land and move east of the Mississippi River. Many died in the process. -
Worcester v. Georgia
stated that Cherokee Indians were entitled to federal protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe's sovereignty, however, Andrew Jackson ignored this. -
Black Hawk War
Lasting from May to August, the Black Hawk War was a brief conflict between the United States and Native Americans led by Black Hawk, for Western land. -
Nullification Crisis Began
This was the scene in 1832, when South Carolina adopted the ordinance to nullify the tariff acts of 1828 and 1832 and label them unconstitutional. Despite sympathy from other Southern states, South Carolina found itself standing alone. SC would have seceded. -
Creation of the Whig Party in the US
Was formed to oppose Andrew Jackson and Democrats; stood for protective tariffs, national bank, and federal aid for internal improvements (similar to Federalists) -
Andrew Jackson Vetoes Charters for 2nd National Bank
He used his executive power to remove all federal funds from the bank, in the final salvo of what is referred to as the “Bank War.” -
Treaty of New Echota
The Treaty of New Echota, signed by a small minority of the Cherokee, ceded to the United States all Cherokee land east of the Mississippi River for $5 million. The majority of tribal members disliked the treaty and took their case to the SCOTUS -
Transcendental Club's First Meeting
Hedge, Emerson, Ripley, and Putnam got together in Cambridge, MA. It was during the meetings of the Club that many of the important Transcendentalist ideas were developed. -
Texas Declared Independence from Mexico
Increases tensions between Mexico and U.S. and eventually influences the start of the Mexican-American war. -
Andrew Jackson Issued Specie Circular
Jackson issued the Specie Circular which says the government would only accept gold or silver in payment for federal lands due to high inflation. -
First McGuffey Reader Published
The first in a series for grade levels 1-6. They were widely used as textbooks in American schools from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century, and are still used today in some private schools and in homeschooling -
Battle of the Alamo
This was during a 13 day siege during the Texas Revolution, resulting in a Mexican victory. -
Horace Mann Elected Secretary of the MA Board of Education
Provides extended curriculum, improved teachers, and government funded education. -
Panic of 1837
An economic recession caused by Andrew Jackson's policies regarding the bank that lasted until the mid-1840s. Profits, prices, and wages went down while unemployment went up. Pessimism abounded during the time. -
Martin Van Buren Elected President
He was elected the eighth president of the United States in 1836, but his policies were unpopular and he failed to win a second term. -
Ralph Waldo Emerson gave the "Divinity School Address"
Encouraged students not to copy European ideas and to think for themselves and create new ideas. -
Webster-Ashburton
It was a treaty that resolved several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies (the region that became Canada) and further defined the British Canada territories and U.S territories. -
Treaty of Wanghia with China
Gave Americans rights to land in ports and build churches in China. Its official title name is the Treaty of peace, amity, and commerce, and was under the Qing Dynasty -
James Polk elected President
James Polk was the 11th POTUS, known for his territorial expansion of the nation mainly through the Mexican-American War -
US Annexation of Texas
In 1845, Texas became a state as apart of the US. -
Start of Mexican War
Under POTUS James Polk, it was a battle for land where Mexico was fighting to keep what they thought was their property and the U.S. desired to retain the disputed land of Texas and obtain more of Mexico's northern lands. -
Bear Flag Revolt
a small group of American settlers in California rebelled against the Mexican government and proclaimed California an independent republic. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Gave the U.S present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming and ended the Mexican American War. -
Gold Rush Began in California
This Gold Rush resulted in the creation of many gold mines after Stutter's discovery. -
John Humphrey Noyes Founded the Oneida Community
Noyes community was based on the system of complex marriage where all men and women were married to each other and believed in eugenic birth control. -
Gadsden Purchase
Present-Day South western Arizona and New Mexico is purchased by the U.S -
Commodore Matthew Perry Entered Tokyo Harbor Opening Japan to the U.S.
Forced Japan to trade with the U.S. after trading opium with them and creating addictions. -
Henry David Thoreau Published Civil Disobedience
Thoreau argues that citizens must disobey the rule of law if those laws prove to be unjust. He draws on his own experiences and explains why he refused to pay taxes in protest of slavery and the Mexican War -
Kanagawa Treay
Japan's first treaty with a Western nation, it marked the end of Japan's period of seclusion (1639–1854).
