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Second Great Awakening Began
a Protestant religious revival during 19th century. Membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement -
Eli Whitney Patented the Cotton Gin
-machine that revolutionized the production of cotton by greatly speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber
-his invention offered Southern planters a justification to maintain and expand slavery even as a growing number of Americans supported its abolition -
Thomas Jefferson was elected president
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Gabriel Prosser Slave Revolt
Literate enslaved blacksmith who planned a large slave rebellion in Richmond that was unsuccessful due to plans being told beforehand -
Louisiana Purchase
acquisition of the Louisiana territory by United States from France -
Marbury vs. Madison
case by the US Supreme Court that formed the basis of judicial review in US under Article III of Constitution -
Beginning of the Lewis and Clark Expedition
first american expedition to cross the western portion of the United States -
Embargo Act
prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports -
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
naval engagement that occurred off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia between British warship HMS Leopard and American frigate USS Chespeake -
James Madison Elected President
4th president -
Non-Intercourse Act
This act replaced the Embargo Act of 1807. This Act lifted all embargoes on American shipping except for those bound for British or French ports -
Beginning of Manifest Destiny
territorial expansion of the United States from 1812 to 1860, from the end of the War of 1812 to the beginning of the American Civil War -
Death of Tecumseh
Americans attacked and won a victory over British and Native Americans at the Battle of the Thames where Tecumseh was killed -
Francis Cabot Lowell Smuggled Memorized Textile Mill Plans From Manchester, England
He introduced a power loom based on the British model with significant technological improvements. He also hired young farm girls who became mill girls -
The British Burn Washington DC
A British attack on Washington DC the capital on the US during War of 1812 that resulted in a British victory -
Hartford Convention
In Hartford Connecticut New England Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances of the war of 1812 and political problems -
End of the War of 1812
two centuries of peace between the United State and Britain -
Battle of New Orleans
series of engagements constituting the last major battle of the war of 1812 -
Treaty of Ghent Ratified
ended the War of 1812 between United States and British. Peace negotiations began in Ghent Belgium -
Era Of Good Feeling Began
the mood of victory that swept the nation at the end of the War of 1812. Replaced the bitter political divisions between Federalists and Republicans, the North and South, and the East Coast cities and settlers on the American frontier. -
James Monroe Elected President
Firth president of the United States -
Rush-Bagot Treaty
treaty between the United States and Great Britain that limited naval armaments on Great Lakes and Lake Champlain -
Anglo American Convention
convention respecting fisheries, boundary and restoration of slaves between US and Britain and Ireland -
Adams-Onis Treaty
Spain ceded Florida to U.S. and created the border between U.S. and new Spain -
McCulloch v. Maryland
landmark decision by US Supreme Court. Maryland attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the US by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland. -
Panic of 1819
first major peacetime financial crisis in US followed by a general collapse of the American economy through 1821 -
Dartmouth College vs. Woodward
landmark decision in US corporate law from the US Supreme Court dealing with the application of the US Constitution to private corporations -
Missouri Compromise
effort to preserve the balance of power in Congress between slave and free states. Admitted Missouri as slave state and Maine as free state -
Charles B. Finney Lead Religious Revivals in Western New York
Finney was the greatest American evangelists who was responsible for the rise of religious fervor -
Denmark Vesey Slave Revolt
a freed slave that planned a slave rebellion in Charleston North Carolina but failed due to everyone hearing about the revolt beforehand -
Monroe Doctrine
United States policy of opposing European colonialism into the Americas -
Gibbons vs. Ogden
was a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the US held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation. -
John Quincy Adams Elected President (Corrupt Bargain)
House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams as president due to Henry Clay's influence. He was the 6th president -
Erie Canal Completed
A canal in New York that is part of the east-west cross state route -
Robert Owen Founded the New Harmony Community
Religious group that owned the property and had founded the communal village of Harmony -
Lyman Beecher Delivered His "Sex Sermons on Intemperance"
resolution to heavy drinking -
Horace Mann Elected Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education
American educational reformer and Whig politician dedicated to promoting public education. -
Tariff of Abominations
protective tariff passed by Congress of the US designed to protect industry in the northern US -
Andrew Jackson Elected President
Won a popularity vote of the electoral college in 1824 election. 7th president of US. -
Joseph Smith Founded the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints
in western New York. Initial converts were drawn to the church in part because of the newly published Book of Mormon, a self-described chronicle of indigenous American prophets that Smith said he had translated from golden plates. -
Indian Removal Act
signed into law by President Andrew Jackson authorizing the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. A few tribes went peacefully, but many resisted the relocation policy. -
Andrew Jackson Vetoed the Re-Charter of the Second Bank of the United States
political struggle that developed over the issue of rechartering the Second Bank of the United States during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. When Congress voted to reauthorize the Bank, Jackson, as incumbent and candidate in the race, promptly vetoed the bill. -
Black Hawk War
a brief conflict between the United States and Native Americans led by Black Hawk, a Sauk leader -
Worcester vs. Georgia
a case in which the US Supreme Court vacated the conviction of Samuel Worcester and held that the Georgia criminal statute that prohibited non-Native Americans from being present on Native American lands without a license from the state -
Nullification Crisis Began
The convention declared that the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and unenforceable within the state of South Carolina after February 1, 1833. They said that attempts to use force to collect the taxes would lead to the state's secession. -
Creation of the Whig Party in the US
formed in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson and his Democratic Party. Whigs supported the supremacy of the US Congress over the Presidency and favored a program of modernization, banking, and economic protectionism -
Treaty of New Echota
It cost three men their lives and provided the legal basis for the Trail of Tears, the forcible removal of the Cherokee Nation from Georgia. Ceded Cherokee land to the US in exchange for compensation -
Catherine Beecher Published Essays on the Education of Female Teachers
wanted to educate women so they too could become teachers and she began fundraising effort to support her school of educating women -
Texas Declared Independence from Mexico
the formal declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico in the Texas Revolution -
Battle of The Alamo
a pivotal event in the Texas Revolution. Following a 13-day siege, Mexican troops under President General Antonio López de Santa Anna launched an assault on the Alamo Mission -
Andrew Jackson Issued Specie Circular
a United States presidential executive order issued by President Andrew Jackson, pursuant to the Coinage Act and carried out by his successor, President Martin Van Buren. It required payment for government land to be in gold and silver. -
Transcendental Club's First Meeting
Frederic Henry Hedge, Ralph Waldo Emerson, George Ripley, and George Putnam met in Cambridge, Massachusetts to discuss the formation of a new club; their first official meeting was held eleven days later at Ripley's house in Boston. -
First McGuffey Reader Published
traditional reader including stories, poems, and new word drills by William Holmes McGuffey -
Martin Van Buren Elected President
8th president and his policies were unpopular -
Panic of 1837
a financial crisis in the United States that touched off a major recession that lasted until the mid-1840s. Profits, prices, and wages went down while unemployment went up. Pessimism abounded during the time. -
Ralph Waldo Emerson gave the "Divinity School Address"
address has come to be seen as a significant essay, both in American literature and American history, -
Trail of Tears Began
part of Andrew Jackson's Indian removal policy, the Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma. The Cherokee people called this journey the "Trail of Tears," because of its devastating effects. -
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
treaty resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies (canada) -
Treaty of Wanghia with China
a diplomatic agreement between Qing-dynasty China and the United States -
James Polk Elected President
11th president -
US Annexation of Texas
incorporation of the Republic of Texas into the United States of America, republic declared independence from the Republic of Mexico 1836 -
Start of the Mexican War
armed conflict between the United States of America and the United Mexican States and dealt with Mexican cession -
Bear Flag Revolt
short-lived independence rebellion precipitated by American settlers in California's Sacramento Valley against Mexican authorities. -
John Humphrey Noyes Founded the Oneida Community
was an American preacher, radical religious philosopher, and utopian socialist. He founded the Putney, Oneida, and Wallingford Communities, and is credited with coining the term "complex marriage". -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
treaty added an additional 525,000 square miles to United States territory, including the land that makes up all or parts of present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. -
Gold Rush Began in California
gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California -
Henry David Thoreau Published Civil Disobedience
a philosopher and writer best known for his attacks on American social institutions and his respect for nature and simple wrote that individuals should not permit governments to overrule their consciences, and that they have a duty to avoid allowing the government to make them the agents of injustice. -
Commodore Matthew Perry Entered Tokyo Harbor Opening Japan to the US
American Commodore Matthew Perry led his four ships into the harbor at Tokyo Bay, seeking to re-establish for the first time in over 200 years regular trade and discourse between Japan and the western world. -
Gadsden Purchase
a 29,670-square-mile region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased from James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time -
Kanagawa Treaty
the first treaty between the United States of America and the Tokugawa Shogunate.
