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Eli Whitney & the Cotton Gin
The cotton gin, created by Whitney, was invented o remove the seeds from cotton crop
Resulted in increase in slave labor and led to mass-production in the North and the South -
Gabriel Prosser Slave Revolt
Gathered 1000 rebellious slaves an met them outside of Richmond, 2 of them gave away the plan -
Thomas Jefferson Elected as President
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Second Great Awakening Began
Religious revivals based on Methodism and Baptism,
attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans -
Louisiana Purchase
U.S. acquisition of Louisiana territory from France for $15 million, U.S. gained control of the Mississippi river -
Marbury v. Madison
Supreme Court ruled by John Marshall, Marbury sued for commission as a judge, Marshall claims S.C. cannot rule over case
~Established judiciary review -
The Beginning of Lewis & Clark Expedition
Set out to explore and study nature, hoped to meet a peaceable Indian -
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
AKA: The Chesapeake Incident
The Chesapeake (US frigate) was boarded by a British ship (Leopard). Chesapeake not fully armed and seized by British -
The Embargo Act
An act forbidding all foreign trade -
James Madison Elected as President
Democratic-republican
Monroe secretary of state
Renominated in 1812 & won narrow victory -
Non-Intercourse Act
Replaced Embargo Act, but only forbid trade with France and Britain -
Francis Cabot Lowell Smuggled Memorized Textile Mill Plans From Manchester, England
Lowell toured British textiles, memorized them and brought the ideas back to America where he then improved Slater's cotton spinner -
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
After the Republicans gained control of the New Hampshire government, they tried to revise the Dartmouth College charter, to make it a public school instead of private.
Placed important restrictions on the ability of state governments to control corporations. -
Hartford Convention
A meeting for all New England Federalists held at Hartford Connecticut for opposing the war of 1812 -
Lyman Beecher Delivered His "Six Sermons on Intemperance"
American Presbyterian minister
His sermons greatly aided temperance reform -
The British Burn Washington DC
After American defeat at Brandenburg, a British fleet captured and burned many important buildings in DC -
Death of Tecumseh
Died @ Battle of the Thames
William Henry Harrison pushed forward up the Thames river into Canada & killed Tecumseh, an Indian that served for British-resulted in the weakening of Indians in the NW -
The End of the War of 1812
The Treaty of Ghent was signed & returned all territorial conquests made by Europe & America -
Battle of New Orleans
Jackson's army defended New Orleans form British invasions- inspired American nationalism -
Treaty of the Ghent Ratified
Ended the War of 1812, territory captured during the war is returned to original owner -
James Monroe Elected as President
Won easy victory over Federalist Rufus King -
Rush-Bagot Treaty
Signed by U.S. & Britain to demilitarize the U.S.-Canadian border~limited naval weapons & equipment -
Era of Good Feeling Began
Disappearance of the federalists enabled the Republicans to govern in a spirit of seemingly nonpartisan harmony -
Anglo-American Convention
Signed by Britain & U.S.
-allowed New England fisherman to access Newfoundland fisheries
-set border for Louisiana territory -
McCulloch v. Maryland
Courts ruled that the states cannot tax federal government -
Panic of 1819
Severe depression hat followed the economic boom of the post-War of 1812
Second National Bank blamed for panic, b/c of high inflation, raised interest rates ect
Results:bankruptcy and foreclosure -
Adams-Onis Treaty
AKA: transcontinental treaty
U.S. purchase of Florida from Spain-prevented Seminoles from invading Georgia -
Missouri Compromise
`MO wanted to join the Union as a slave state
`Maine joins as a free state and MO joins as a slave state
`Boundary saying that all states located above MO must be free states -
Denmark Vesey Slave Revolt
Vesey was a free black abolitionist and had a plan to get many slaves and free blacks together and sail to Haiti to escape slavery- plot was leaked and Vesey and his crew was caught and hung -
Monroe Doctrine
A statement given by Monroe, proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs with U.S. or other western countries -
John Quincy Adams Elected President (Corrupt Bargain)
Henry Clay allegedly met with Adams to "persuade" Clay into picking him as president; Jackson furious -
Gibbons v. Ogden
Suit over whether New York could grant a monopoly to a ferry operating on interstate waters. -
Charles B. Finney Lead Religious Revivals in Western New York
AKA: "Father of Modern Revivalism"
`believed that conversions were human creations instead of the divine works of God, and that people's destinies were in their own hands
`Was the most significant preacher during this time -
Robert Owen Founded the New Harmony Community
Society that focused on Utopian Socialism (Communism)
Failed because everybody did not share a fair load of the work -
Erie Canal Completed
Located in NY, connected Hudson River to Lake Erie, Atlantic Ocean and Great Lakes
Opened regions further west for settlement
Cut transport costs by 90% -
Andrew Jackson Elected as President
Western Democratic-republican
`strength of the Union and the supremacy of the federal government over the state government
Appealed to Common Man -
Tariff of Abominations
Protected industry & favored the North-rather than the South
Attempt to keep American-system running -
Creation of the Whig Party in the U.S.
STRONGLY opposed Andrew Jackson
Pro national bank -
Catherine Beecher Published "Essays on the Education of Female Teachers"
`Urged women to enter the teaching profession
`Beecher helped get women jobs that would allow them to be self-supported -
Indian Removal Act
Andrew Jackson negotiates land-exchange treaties with tribes living east of the Mississippi
Emigration of tens of thousands of American Indians to the West -
Joseph Smith Founded the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints
MORMONS
led to Utah by Brigham Young after Smith's death in 1844 -
Black Hawk War
War in Illinois between Sauk & Fox under black hawk against white settlers
Notable for the viciousness of the white military efforts -
Worcester v. Georgia
Court invalidated a Georgia law that attempted to regulate access by U.S. citizens to Cherokee country
He was also affirming and explaining the rights of the tribes to remain free from the authority of state governments. -
Andrew Jackson Vetoed the Re-Charter of the Second Bank of the U.S.
Went against monopoly, aristocratic parasites, and foreign domination
Instead Jackson created pet banks and destabilized the national currency and aid -
Treaty of New Echota
Signed by some Indians saying that ALL Indians must leave to go live in the Louisiana Territory or they will be forced to travel on the Trail of Tears -
Battle of the Alamo
Attack on the a mission in San Antonio by Mexican forces during the Texas revolution
Santa Anna declares victory over Texans -
Transcendental Club's First Meeting
"Truth transcends the senses"
Believed that people are in control of themselves and that you destiny is in you own hands. -
First McGuffy Reader Published
Written by an Ohio teacher-preacher; grade-school readers, targeted home lasting lessons in morality, patriotism & idealism -
Texas Declared Independence from Mexico
Convention to declare independence after the war- "Lone Star Republic" led by Sam Houston -
Andrew Jackson Issued Specie Circular
Meant to stop land speculation caused by states printing paper money without proper specie (gold or silver) backing it -
Panic of 1837
Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress -
Horace Mann Elected Secretary of the MA Board of Education
Instituted many reforms, including increased spending on schools, a lengthened school year, improved courses of study -
Martian Van Buren Elected as President
Claimed that political parties were necessary to "check" the government from abusing its power
Created first political machine -
Trail of Tears Began
Forced relocation of the Cherokee Native American tribe to the West -
Ralph Waldo Emerson Gave the "Divinity School Address"
Warned listeners at Harvard Divinity School that true church seemed to totter its fall, believed many congregations had lifeless preaching -
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
Resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies (where the Maine-New Brunswick border would be located) -
Treaty of Wanghia with China
Signed by U.S. and China, assured the U.S. the same trading concessions granted to other powers, greatly expanding America's trade with the Chinese -
Beginning of the Manifest Destiny
U.S. was destined to secure territory from "sea to sea," from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean -
James Polk Elected as President
AKA:"Young Hickory"
To settle the Oregon Question,lower tariffs, create independent national treasury -
U.S. Annexation of Texas
U.S. makes Texas a state -
Start of the Mexican War
Between America and Mexico over addition of Texas -
Bear Flag Revolt
A revolt of American settlers in California against Mexican rule-helped start the Mexican War and ultimately made California a state -
Gold Rush Began in California
thousands of miners travel to Northern California after news reports of the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill & had spread around the world -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Ended Mexican-American War; Mexico gave up all claims to land from Texas to California for $15 million -
John Humphrey Noyes Founded the Oneida Community
Believed in a benign deity, in the sweetness of human nature, and in the possibility of a perfect Christian community on earth -
Henry David Thoreau Published "Civil Disobedience"
Famous transcendentalist who turned to the environment for inspiration on social and political reformers because he had refused to pay a poll tax in protest of slavery and the Mexican-American War -
Commodore Matthew Perry Entered Tokyo Harbor Opening Japan to the U.S.
Presented the ultimatum that led Japan to open itself to more normal relations with the world -
Gadsden Purchase
Treaty in which the U.S. bought from Mexico parts of what is now southern Arizona and southern New Mexico -
Kanagawa Treaty
Ended Japan's 200 year period of economic isolation, establishing an American consulate in Japan and securing their coaling rights in Japanese ports
